| A | B |
|---|
| Reaction Rate | the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. |
| Collision Theory | in order for a chemical reaction/effective collision to occur |
| Reaction Mechanism | the specific set of steps/rxns involved in an overall chemical reaction |
| Nature of Reactants | reactions involving ionic substances tend to have faster rates than reactions involving covalent substances. |
| Concentration | an increase in concentration of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Surface Area | an increase in the surface area of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Pressure | an increase in pressure will increase the rate of a chemical reaction (only for reactions involving GASES!) |
| Catalyst | a substance that is neither a reactant nor a product |
| Temperature | an increase in temperature will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Equilibrium | when two opposing processes are occurring at equal rates |
| Physical Equilibrium | when two opposing physical processes are occurring at equal rates; ex: phase equilibrium |
| Phase Equilibrium | when the processes of freezing and melting or evaporating and condensing are occurring at equal rates |
| Solution Equilibrium | when the processes of dissolving and precipitating are occurring at equal rates; when a solution has reached its saturation point |
| Chemical Equilibrium | in a chemical reaction |
| Le Chatelier’s Principle | predicts that when a stress is applied to an equilibrium mixture |
| Enthalpy | the heat energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction |
| Entropy | a measure of the randomness or chaos associated with a chemical reaction |
| Potential Energy Diagrams | used to illustrated the energy lost or gained (the reaction pathway) for a given chemical reaction |
| Endothermic Reactions | chemical reactions that consume or require energy; chemical reactions in which energy is a reactant |
