| A | B |
|---|
| What previous time periods had great influence on the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution? | The Renaissance and Reformation. |
| Why did they have such influence? | : They encouraged people to think for themselves and weakened the power of the Catholic Church over people. |
| The Scientific Revolution emphasized the use of what to solve problems? | Reason. |
| What replaced the Geocentric Theory? | The Heliocentric Theory. It means Sun Centered. |
| Who developed the Heliocentric Theory? | Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer. |
| Who proved Copernicus correct through the use of math? | Johannes Kepler. He created the Laws of Planetary Motion. |
| Who proved Copernicus and Kepler correct through direct observations of planets and the moon with a telescope? | Galileo Galilei. |
| Why was the Catholic Church angry with Galileo? | His work went against Church teachings. |
| Who developed the Laws of Gravity and the Laws of Motion? | Isaac Newton |
| Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body? | William Harvey |
| The Scientific Revolution had what effect on the power of the Catholic Church? | It weakened further because it was shown to be incorrect in many of its teachings about science. |
| What method was developed as a way to solve problems? | The Scientific Method. It emphasizes the use of observation, reason, and experimentation. |
| As the power of the Catholic Church weakened, who gained in power throughout Europe? | European monarchs |
| What idea says that the monarch is chosen by God to rule, and should have unlimited power? | Divine Right |
| What are some characteristics of Absolute Monarchies? | Centralized power in the monarchy, divine right, ability to do what they choose with their country. |
| Who was the absolute monarch of France who ruled for 72 years and had the nickname of the Sun King? | Louis XIV |
| What did Louis XIV have built to show off the wealth and power of France? | The Palace of Versailles |
| Who was the czar of Russia who began its modernization and westernization? | Peter the Great |
| What does westernization mean? | To become more like the powerful nations of Western Europe. |
| What English queen made Anglicanism the official religion of England? | Elizabeth I |
| What did Charles I try to do that made him very unpopular? | He tried to take power from Parliament and tax the people |
| Parliament rebelled against Charles I, leading to what event? | The English Civil War |
| The English Civil War was fought between who? | The forces of Parliament called roundheads vs. the forces of the king called Cavaliers. |
| Who led the Roundheads? | Oliver Cromwell |
| Who won the English Civil War? | Parliament won. |
| What happened to Charles I following his loss in the Civil War? | He was executed |
| Following Cromwell’s rule for 8 years, the English decided they wanted a monarch again. Who did they bring back? | Charles II |
| What is the event called when Charles II comes back to England as King? | The Restoration |
| After Charles II, who became King of England? | James II |
| What was it called when James II was kicked out in a peaceful revolt by Parliament? | The Glorious Revolution |
| Following the Glorious Revolution who came to power in England? | William & Mary |
| As part of their becoming monarchs, William and Mary had to agree to what? | Limits on their power |
| What document guaranteed the rights of the people and was signed by William and Mary in 1689? | The English Bill of Rights |
| From the Glorious Revolution forward, power shifted from who to who? | From the monarchy to parliament |
| Eventually England became what form of government? | A Constitutional Monarchy, where the monarch has no power and parliament rules |
| What is the title of the leader of parliament who actually runs England? | Prime Minister |
