| A | B |
|---|
| absolutism | the belief that complete and total control should be in the hands of one ruler. |
| Divine Right | belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. |
| Louis XIV | French king who ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France and built the Palace of Versailles |
| Peter the Great | czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government |
| Glorious Revolution | Bloodless overthrow of King James II that ended the Dominion and established William and Mary as the new leaders. |
| English Bill of Rights | act passed by parliament in 1689, which ensured the superiority of parliament over the monarchy and guaranteed the rights of people |
| Limited monarchy | government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers |
| Scientific Revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Came up with heliocentric model of the solar system |
| heliocentric | the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. |
| Galileo Galilei | An Italian professor of Math, used the telescope to confirm Copernicus's theory |
| Isaac Newton | English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion |
| Natural Rights | basic rights that government cannot deny from the people such as “life, liberty, and property”; developed by John Locke |
| Enlightenment | a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine. |
| John Locke | English thinker that believed people are reasonable and moral; argued purpose of government was to safeguard the natural rights of the people |
| Baron de Montesquieu | wrote The Spirit of the Laws where he stated governments should be divided into three branches with a system of checks and balances between the three |
| supremacy | the state of highest rank or authority |
| autocrat | an absolute ruler |
