| A | B |
|---|
| obscenity | lewd or indecent |
| parody | a humorous or satirical imitation of something, protected by the First Amendment. |
| peremptory challenge | to have a juror dismissed before trial without stating a reason |
| prior restraint | government action that prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place. |
| probable cause | the standard which must be met in order for a judge to issue a search warrant |
| reasonable suspicion | a more relaxed standard than probable cause that is used in criminal procedure. |
| school vouchers | when parents can apply a voucher toward tuition at a private school, including religious schools |
| stop and frisk | police may detain a person and run his hands lightly over the suspect's outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon. |
| search warrant | a court order issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate evidence |
| secular | not pertaining to or connected with religion. |
| separation of church and state | 1st Amendment idea describing the distance of the relationship between organized religion and government. |
| slander | oral defamation |
| subpoena | a formal document that orders a named individual to appear in court |
| symbolic speech | burning an American flag is an example of this type of speech. |
| wall of separation | Thomas Jefferson's belief about the relationship between government and religion. |
| writ of habeas corpus | a court order that commands an individual or a government official who has restrained another to produce the prisoner at a designated time and place so that the court can determine the legality of custody and decide whether to order the prisoner's release. |
| Ashcroft v. ACLU | SC case-computer generated, “virtual” child pornography that does not use real people is protected. |
| Board of Education v. Westside Community Schools | SC case-public schools that offer extra-curricular clubs cannot deny a religous group from forming a club |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio | SC case-held that government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is directed to inciting, |
| California v. Greenwood | SC case-allows the police to search through your trash once |
| Carroll v. United States | SC case-upheld the warrantless search of an automobile. |
| Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah | SC case-the city ban on animal sacrifice was unconstitutional because it was directed at 1 specific religion |
| District of Columbia v. Heller | SC case-you have the right to bear arms in a federal enclave. |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | SC case-ruled that African-Americans were not citizens, and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court. |
| Engel v. Vitale | SC case-reading of a non-denominational prayer at the start of the school day was unconstitutional |
| Epperson v. Arkansas | SC case-invalidated an Arkansas statute that prohibited the teaching of human evolution in the public schools |
| Everson v. Board of Education | SC case-parents could be reimbursed for bussing their kids to private Catholic schools |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | SC-case all people have a right to be represented by a court-appointed attorney. |
| Goldman v. Weinberger | SC case-Jewish Air Force officer could not wear a yarmulke |
| Gregg v. Georgia | SC case-reaffirmed the use of the death penalty (if it is fairly applied) in the United States |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier | SC case-public school newspaper journalists do not have the same rights as journalists outside of schools (they can be censored) |
| Hustler v. Falwell | SC case-when something is deemed a parody, you cannot sue for defamation |
| Katz v. United States | SC case-declared that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places (wiretaps) |
| Kelo v. City of New London | SC case- the city's taking of private property to sell for private development qualified as a "public use" within the meaning of the takings clause. |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman | SC case-struck down a Pennsylvania law, which allowed the state to reimburse nonpublic schools for teachers' salaries |
| Mapp v. Ohio | SC case-Evidence obtained through a search in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be admitted in court |
| McDonald v. Chicago | SC case-struck down the city of Chicago's ban on the possession of handguns . |
| Miller v. California | SC case-obscenity can be “judged to be obscene by the average person, applying contemporary community standards." |
| Miranda v. Arizona | SC case-police must notify suspects of their right to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination when they are arrested |
| Morse v. Frederick | SC case-"Bong Hits 4 Jesus" case |
