| A | B |
|---|
| DNA is found in | nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| mRNA is found in | nucleus and cytoplasm |
| where does transcription occurs | nucleus |
| tRNA is found here | found only in cytoplasm |
| brings amino acids to ribosome | tRNA |
| a blueprint of one side of DNA | mRNA |
| copying DNA to make another DNA strand is called | replication |
| when a bacteria takes in DNA from another bacteria | transformation |
| received nobel prize for structure of DNA | Watson and Crick |
| person that determined that transformation occurs | Griffith |
| person that determined that transformation is caused by DNA | Avery |
| persons that saw that viruses inject DNA, not protein, into host cells | Hershey and Chase |
| this person made x-ray of DNA showing its helical structure | Roslyn Franklin |
| proteins are made up of | amino acids |
| how many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| a string of amino acids is called a | polypeptide |
| circular DNA found in bacteria is called | plasmid |
| how many bases in a codon | 3 |
| how many codons are needed to code for an amino acid | 1 |
| what happens during transcription? | mRNA forming on one strand of DNA |
| what happens during translation | tRNA bringing Amino acid's to mRNA |
| total number of codons possible | 64 |
| methionine is always a ... | start codon |
| enzyme that directs replication | DNA polymerase |
| enzyme that directs transcription | RNA polymerase |
| change in one or more bases of the DNA is called a | mutation |
| point mutation affects the DNA by .. | one base in DNA and mRNA |
| frameshift mutation affects the DNA by .. | all amino acids "downstream" from mutation |
| three causes of mutations | x-rays, radiation, toxic chemicals |
| DNA base pairs are .. | A-T and G-C |
| RNA base pairs are .. | A-U and G-C |
| anti-codons are found on | tRNA |
| TTAGCA on one DNA strand will make this on other DNA strand | AATCGT |
| TTAGCA on DNA will be transcribed to this on mRNA | AAUCGU |
| missense mutation causes | change one amino acid in polypeptide chain |
| nonsense mutation causes | change codon to stop codon |
| change of single base pair is called a | point mutation |
| sides of the DNA molecule are made of | phosphate and deoxyribose sugar |
| DNA nucleotides are different from each other because | of the different bases they contain |
| histones | proteins wrapped around DNA |
| exons are | bases that leave the nucleus on the mRNA |
| introns are | bases edited out of the mRNA before leaving nucleus |
| carries amino acids to mRNA | tRNA |
| a codon is | three base pairs on mRNA that code for amino acid |
| "central dogma" | DNA ---> RNA ---> protein |
| the amino acids in one's cells come from | the protein foods that have been eaten |
