| A | B |
|---|
| Booker T. Washington | Early civil rights leader who believed way to equality was through vocational education and economic success; he accepted social separation. |
| Ida B. Wells | Early civil rights leader who crusaded against lynching |
| W.E.B. DuBois | Early civil rights leader who argued for immediate political equality for African Americans by helping to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" DID NOT violate the 14th Amendment; LEGALIZED segregation; said Jim Crow Laws were constitutional. |
| 13th Amendment | This outlawed slavery in the United States |
| 14th Amendment | This made all African-Americans citizens; provided them "equal protection" of laws. |
| 15th Amendment | This gave the right to vote to black men. |
| Dred Scott Decision | Ruled that African Americans were not citizens; a slave Dred Scott could not be free b/c he was considered "property" |
| Jim Crow Laws | These legalized the separation of the races in public places in the South after Reconstruction |
| Segregation | The separation of races in public facilities in the South |
| Great Migration | The movement of rural African-Americans to Northern cities to find jobs |
| Brown v. Board of Education | In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was not constitutional |
| Thurgood Marshall | The NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown case |
| Oliver Hill | The Virginia NAACP lawyer who fought for integration of Virginia schools |
| Massive Resistance | Backlash to the Brown decision, VA schools refused to integrate |
| NAACP | Founded to fight for equality, they led the fight for integration of public schools |
| March on Washington | 1963, Dr. King led thousands of protesters to bring attention to the need for the Civil Rights Act |
| I Have a Dream | The speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1963- pleading for equality |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | The act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender and desegregated public accommodations. Pres Johnson pushed for this. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Outlawed literacy tests, sent federal officials to register blacks; were sent to the South to register voters, increased African American voting. |
| Civil Rights Movement | The general term used for the fight of minorities to achieve equal rights. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil Rights leader of the 1950’s and 60’s associated with civil disobedience and non-violence |
| non-violence | Peaceful protest for change, advocated by Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| Lyndon Johnson | President associated with signing the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act as part of the "Great Society" |
| Discrimination | Treating one group of people differently from another |
| Rosa Parks | Civil Rights activist who helped kick off the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| Sit-ins | Peaceful protest where blacks would "forcibly" occupy previously segregated space- resulting in awareness of plight |
| Civil Disobedience | The refusal to obey an unjust law, peacefully accepting consequences |
| Selma March | This peaceful action led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, even though it ended violently by the police |
| John F. Kennedy | President who helped focus national attention on Civil Rights, was assassinated before he could act on it. |
