| A | B |
|---|
| Reign of Terror | September 1793 to july 1794 where thousands of people where killed in the guillotine for going against the government. |
| Socialism | A government in which businesses are run by the community (government) |
| Communism | A government in which everything is publicly owned (gov) and there are no separation of classes, which means that there is no separation or difference in wealth amongst the people |
| Natural Law | All people are born into nature understanding what is right and what is wrong |
| Natural Rights | the rights that everyone deserves; we all have certain universal rights as long as we do not violate natural laws |
| Separation of Power | Thought power concentrated in one place dangerous, and proposed that power should be separated |
| Federalism | division of power between the levels of governement |
| Laissez-Faire | government should not interfere with the affairs of business. Hands off |
| Enlightened Despots | a person who rules who has enlightened ideas but are oppressive to people |
| Loyalists | Loyal to king and England |
| radical | someone who wants immediate change and will not do anything to bring about this change |
| bankrupt | that you do have enough money to pay off your debt |
| cahiers | noteboks |
| Utilitarianism | the philosophy, whereby the best actions and policies are defined as those that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people |
| Nationalism | strong feeling of pride in one's country, which includes the principle that your country is the best and no other is better than yours, practiced by Europe before WWI |
| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence into other areas of the world. Done through colonization |
| Militarism | The tenet of building up a country's military to make it the greatest in the world, constantly showing off military to demonstrate power |
| Social Darwinism | The idea of survival of the fittest by Charles Darwin applied to countries stating that the stronger countries will become more powerful than the weak and survive over them. Used to justify imperialism and militarism |
| Pan Slavisim | THe doctrine that Slavs should have their own national identity or country |
| Willy-Nicky telegrams | Telegrams passed between Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia (cousins and friends when they were young) nicely asking each other not to get involved in war and giving warnings |
| Blank Check | An agreement between Austria-Hungary and Germany where Germany pledged to Austria-Hungary unconditional support whenever needed, Germany is blamed for starting the war because it could have denied this |
| October Manifesto | Marks the end of the Revolution of 1905, Nicholas II promised the people of Russia certain rights such as Freedom of Speech, Religion, and the Right to Assemble, and a duma, promised to make improvements in working conditions |
| Mensheviks | A group lead by Julius Martov that wanted the Czar overthrown, but not immediately, opposed Lenin and the Bolsheviks |
| Bolsheviks | A group led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, radicals (wanted immediate change), communists, Opposed October Manifesto, gained control of Russia in the November Revolution, made up the Reds in the Russian Civil War |
| Von Schlieffen Plan | a military plan by Alfred von Schlieffen, which stated that Germany would attack the Western Front (France), which would mobilize faster than the Eastern Front (Russia), first, hoping for a quick victory, and then move to the Eastern Front and attack there, turning a two-front war into two one-front wars, was not successful |
| Total War | War where all of the country’s resources are used for the war effort to completely destroy their enemies |
| Conscription | The compulsory enrollment of men in the armed forces, needed later in the war because volunteer forces were going down |
| Propaganda | Mass persuasion through the spreading of ideas and information for supporting a cause or opposing a cause, common in the form of posters and slogans during WWI |
| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | A military practice by Germany involving the sinking of ships, military or not, without warning, started as a result of the British blockade, one of the reasons the US entered the war |
| Zimmerman Telegram | A telegram to Mexico from Arthur Zimmerman offering an alliance giving them directions to attack the US and they would get back territory they lost in the Mexican American War, one of the reasons the US entered the war |
| Scorched Earth Policy | A policy in Russia that forced farmers to destroy their land so Germany couldn’t take advantage of their goods, the cause of the March Revolution |
| Provisional Government | A government created as a result of the March Revolution, Alexander Kerensky placed as the head, was overthrown in the November Revolution due to the unwise decisions of Alexander Kerensky |
| Brest-Litovsk Treaty | A treaty taking Russia out of the war with the agreement that Germany would get some of its territory, was declared null and void when Germany lost |
| Cheka | A secret police initiated by the Bolsheviks aimed at getting rid of all opposition to the Bolsheviks |
| War Communism | A theory much like total war where assets were used for the war rather than everyday use by people |
| New Economic Policy | A policy established by Lenin after the Civil War to get the economy going that allowed some capitalist ideals such as private businesses and farms and money was earned based on how hard they worked, failed because Stalin came to power when Lenin died and got rid of it |
| Kellog-Briand Pact | The strongest attempt to outlaw war wanted disputes to be settled peacefully. It failed due to too many loopholes. It was signed by 63 countries around the world. |
| Lateran Treaty | It was a treaty between the Pope and Mussolini. It made the Vatican an independent state. Italy gained a small bit of territory and independence from the pope. Since Italy is mostly Catholic and listens to the Pope, this was a way for Mussolini to get the pope out of his fascist ways. |
| Maginot Line | Was on the northeast border of France to defend against German attacks because the cement was thicker so it could withstand heavy gunfire. |
| Simpson Doctrine | The United States issued this to condemn Japan’s attack on Manchuria. The US will not recognize any territory by Japan in violation to the collective security agreement in the 1920s. |
| Rome-Berlin Axis | It was a agreement between Hitler and Mussolini. Mussolini adopted anti-Semitism ways to get Hitler to trust him. |
| Anti-Communism Pact | Agreement between Japan and Germany which was a mutual defense agreement from any possible aggression from the Soviet Union. |
| Soviet- German Non-aggression pact | Divided Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union so when Hitler invaded Poland, Russia also went and took their part. Secured temporary peace for Russia. |
