| A | B |
|---|
| amphibole | complex silicate forming needle-like crystals |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom’s nucleus |
| biotite mica | soft silicate that is dark brown or black |
| calcite | most common carbonate reacts with acid |
| carbonate | mineral composed of negatively charged carbonate ions bonded to positive metals |
| cleavage | tendency of minerals to split in particular directions based on their crystalline structure |
| compound | substance containing atoms of two or more chemically combined elements |
| conchoidal fracture | fracture surface smooth and curved like a clam shell (obsidian) |
| crystal | regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces |
| crystal face | smooth surface of a regular geometric solid |
| dolomite | carbonate with coarse or fine grain with rombohedra cleavage does not react readily with acid |
| element | substance that cannot be broken into simpler substance by chemical means |
| fracture | mineral breaks in directions other than crystalline surfaces |
| hematite | most common red iron oxide uneven fracture |
| ion | atom with a charge due to loss or gain of electrons |
| irregular fracture | fracture leaves a rough surface (garnet) |
| isotope | atoms of the same element with different masses |
| luster | the way a mineral shines in light |
| magnetite | black iron oxide attracted to a magnet |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus |
| mica | soft silicates thatcleave in one direction forming flakes |
| metal | element that easily loses electrons to form positive ions |
| mineral | naturally occurring inorganic solid with definite chemical composition |
| minerology | study of mineral and their properties |
| muscovite mica | soft silicate with silvery white color |
| molecule | two or more elements held together by covalent bonds |
| nonmetal | element that easily gains electrons to form negative ions |
| orthoclase feldspar | potassium containing silicate that is light colored (pink or salmon) |
| oxide | mineral formed by a metal combined with oxygen |
| plagioclase feldspar | sodium-calcium containing silicate that is light colored (white or gray) |
| pyrite | most common sulfide of iron sulfide pale brass to golden yellow color |
| rock-forming mineral | minerals that form most of the rocks of Earth’s crust (mostly silicates) |
| silica tetrahedron | shape formed with central silica atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms |
| silicate | mineral compounds containing silicon and oxygen |
| specific gravity | ratio of a mineral’s weight to the weight of an equal volume of water |
| splintery fracture | fracture surface jagged with sharp edges (copper) |
| streak | color of a mineral’s powder |
| sulfide | mineral composed of metal combined with sulfur |
