| A | B |
|---|
| Nuclear energy is energy stored in the: | nucleus of the atom |
| A _____ reaction releases energy by joining the atoms' nuclei together. | fusion |
| A _____ reaction releases energy by splitting an atom's nucleus. | fission |
| Nuclear reactions can produce large amounts of energy using: | a small amount of matter |
| What are the negative affects of using nuclear energy? | problems with nuclear waste storage and disposal |
| The ability to do work is the definition of: | energy |
| Energy exists in these two states: | potential energy and kinetic energy |
| Potential energy is energy stored because of: | position or chemical composition |
| Kinetic energy is: | energy of motion |
| The amount of kinetic energy associated with an object depends on: | the mass and velocity of the moving object. |
| Important forms of energy include: | light, heat, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and nuclear energy. |
| Sound is a form of: | mechanical energy |
| Energy can be ________ from one type to another. | transformed |
| In any energy conversion, some of the energy is lost in the environment as: | heat |
| Atoms and molecules are: | always in motion (except at Kelvin 0) |
| Most substances_______ when heated. | expand |
| The only situation where theoretically there is no atomic/molecular motion is: | absolute zero (-273C or 0K) |
| Are heat and temperature the same thing? | no |
| As heat energy is added to or taken away from a system, does the temperature always change? | no |
| During a phase change (freezing, melting condensing, boiling, and vaporizing), what happens to the water temperature? | there is no change in temperature while the phase change is occurring |
| Why is there no temperature change during a phase change? | Energy is being used to make or break bonds between molecules. |
| Describe a graph of a phase change. | It shows line of temp. going steadily up, and then leveling off for each phase change. |
| What produces sound? | vibrations |
| What form of energy is sound? | mechanical energy |
| Sound travels in ______ waves. | compression |
| Sound needs a ____ in which to travel. | a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) |
| What are some of the characteristics of all waves? | wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. |
| A ________ wave consists of a repeating pattern of compressions and rarefactions. | longitudinal |
| A _____ is measured as the distance from one compression to the next or the distance from one rarefaction to the next rarefaction. | wavelength |
| Sound travels _____ than light. | much slower |
| In a compression wave, matter vibrates in the _____ direction in which the wave travels. | same |
| As wavelength increases, frequency ______. | decreases |
| On what two things does the speed of sound depend: | the medium through which the waves travel and the temperature of the medium |
| Light travels in _____ until it strikes an object. | straight lines |
| What happens to light when it strikes an object? | It can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted |
| As light waves travel through different media, what happens to them? | They change speed |
| When light waves travel through different media, the change of speed may result in: | refraction |
| Light is a form of _____ energy. | radiant |
| Light moves in _____ waves. | transverse |
| A transverse wave moves at _____ to the direction the energy travels. | right angles |
| There is an ____ proportion between frequency and wavelength. | inverse |
| Electromagnetic waves are arranged on the electromagnetic spectrum by _____ . | wavelength |
| All types of electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of: | light. |
| All types of electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of light, but differ in: | wavelength |
| The electromagnetic spectrum includes: | gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio and microwaves |
| The lowest energy waves are: | radio waves |
| Radio waves have the _____ wavelength and ___ frequency. | longest; lowest |
| The highest energy waves are: | gamma waves |
| Gamma waves have the _______ wavelength and the ___ frequency. | shortest; highest |
| What is a force? | A push or pull |
| What unit is used to measure force? | newtons |
| What can a force cause an object to do? | Move, stop moving, change speed, or change direction |
| The change in position of an object per unit of time is: | speed |
| What can have a positive or a negative value depending on the direction of the change in position? | velocity |
| What always has a positive value and is non-directional? | speed |
| The motion of all objects is described by: | Newton's three laws of motion |
| The change in velocity per unit of time: | acceleration |
| An object moving with constant velocity has: | no acceleration |
| A decrease in velocity is: | negative acceleration or deceleration |
| A distance-time graph for acceleration is always: | a curve |
| Objects moving with circular motion are constantly: | accelerating |
| Why are objects moving with circular motion constantly accelerating? | Because direction, and hence velocity, is constantly changing. |
| Are mass and weight equivalent? | NO |
