| A | B |
|---|
| Airborne Transmission | Mode of transfer of disease through contact with droplet, nuclei, or dust particles suspended in the air. |
| Vectorborne Transmission | Mode of transmission of disease through animate objects. |
| Antigens | Substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody (e.g., agglutinogen). |
| Antiseptic Handwash | Washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an _____ agent |
| Antiseptic Hand Rub | Applying an _____ product to all surfaces of the hands to reduce the number of microorganisms |
| Asepsis | Absence of microorganisms. |
| Aseptic Technique | Infection control practice used to prevent the transmission of pathogens. |
| Autoimmune Disorder | Condition in which the specific immune defense inappropriately reacts to the host’s tissue. |
| Biological Agent | Living organism that invades a host, causing disease. |
| Chain of Infection | Phenomena of developing an infectious process. |
| Chemical Agent | Substance that interacts with a host, causing disease. |
| Clean Object | Object on which there are microorganisms that are not usually pathogenic. |
| Cleansing | Removal of soil or organic material from instruments and equipment used in providing client care. |
| Colonization | Multiplication of microorganisms on or within a host that does not result in cellular injury. |
| Communicable Agent | Infectious _____ transmitted to a client by direct or indirect contact, vehicle or vector, or airborne route. |
| Communicable Disease | Caused by a _____ agent. |
| Compromised Host | Person whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired. |
| Contact Transmission | Mode of transfer of disease through direct _____. |
| Convalescent Stage | Period of time in which acute symptoms of an infection begin to disappear until the client returns to the previous state of health. |
| Dirty Object | _____ on which there are a high number of microorganisms, including some that are potentially pathogenic. |
| Disinfectant | Chemical solution used to clean inanimate objects. |
| Disinfection | Elimination of pathogens from inanimate objects, with the exception of spores. |
| Erythema | Increased blood flow to an inflamed area. |
| Flora | Vegetation of microorganisms on the human body. |
| Germicide | Chemical that can be applied to both animate and inanimate objects to kill pathogens. |
| Hand Hygiene | A general term that applies to handwashing, antiseptic handwash, antiseptic hand rub or surgical antiseptic handwash |
| Handwashing | Rubbing together of all surfaces and crevices of the hands using a soap or chemical and water. |
| Host | Simple or complex organism that can be affected by an agent. |
| Humoral Immunity | Stimulation of B cells and antibody production. |
| Illness Stage | Time interval when client is presenting or manifesting specific symptoms of an infectious agent. |
| Incubation Period | Time interval between entry of an infectious agent in the host and the onset of symptoms. |
| Infection | Actual invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissue with cellular injury. |
| Infectious Agent | Microorganism that causes infections. |
| Inflammation | Nonspecific cellular response to tissue injury or infection; involves increased blood flow in the affected area. |
| Localized Infection | _____ limited to a defined area or single organ. |
| Acquired Immunity | Formation of antibodies (memory B cells) to protect against future invasions of an already experienced antigen. |
| Medical Asepsis | Practices that reduce the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms. |
| Mode of Transmission | Process that bridges the gap between the portal of exit of the biological agent from the reservoir and the portal of entry of the susceptible “new” host. |
| Nosocomial Infection | _____ acquired in the hospital that was not present or incubating at the time of the client’s admission. |
| Pathogen | Microorganisms that cause disease. |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
| Physical Agent | Factor in the environment capable of causing disease in a host. |
| Prodromal Stage | Time interval from the onset of nonspecific symptoms until specific symptoms of the infectious agent begin to manifest themselves. |
| Resident Flora | Microorganisms that are always present, usually without altering the client’s health. |
| Sterilization | Total elimination of all microorganisms including spores. |
| Surgical Asepsis | Practices that eliminate all microorganisms from an object or area. |
| Surgical Antisepsis | _____ handwash or _____ hand rub performed preoperatively by surgical personnel to eliminate transient and reduce resident hand flora. Antiseptic detergent preparations often have persistent antimicrobial activity |
| Systemic Infection | _____ that affects the entire body with involvement of multiple organs. |
| Vaccination | Inoculation with a vaccine to produce immunity against specific diseases. |
| Vehicle Transmission | Mode of transmission of disease through inanimate objects. |
| Virulence | Degree of pathogenicity of an infectious microorganism (pathogen). |
| Antibody | Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenetic substances; agglutinin counteracts and neutralizes the effects of antigens and destroys bacteria and other cells. |
