| A | B |
|---|
| Phyla that belong to the Animal Kingdom | Invertebrates & Vertebrates |
| have individual segments of bone that make up their vertebral column | Vertebrates |
| chordata | Animals that have a notochord at some point of development |
| centralization | nerve cells are more concentrated into bundles to form nerve cords |
| invertebrate chordates | show a link between land animals with backbones and ancient ancestors in the sea |
| lungfish | is capable of breathing in and out of water |
| Aves | a sub class of reptilia |
| *all* vertebrates do this | sexually reproduce |
| reproduce using external fertilization | Amphibians |
| reproduce using internal fertilizaation | Reptiles |
| Invertebrate Chordate examples | hagfish, lampreys, lungfish |
| have cartilage but not bone | Chondrichthyes |
| bony fishes | Osteichthyes |
| birds | Aves |
| lizards and snakes | Squamata |
| means "warm blooded" - has mechanisms to maintain normal body temperature | endothermic |
| newts and salamandars | Urodela |
| frogs and toads | Anura |
| crocodiles, alligators and caimans | Crocodilia |
| mammals that lay eggs | Monotremes |
| mammals that give birth to fully developed young | Placental mammals |
| mammals whose embryos are born alive then crawl into a pouch to finish development | Marsupials |
| mammary glands | enable females to nourish their young with milk |
| characterized by the presence of hair | mammals |
| cannot make their own body heat (need the sun) | Reptiles |
| about 40% of mammalian species are of this order | rodents (rodentia) |
| Bats & Whales | examples of mammals |
| tetrapods | 4-legged mammals |
| Turtles & Tortoises | Chelonia |
| means "cold-blooded" - lacks internal body temperature control | ectothermic |
| mammary glands | produce milk in female mammals after birth of offspring |
| notochord | stiff yet flexible supporting nerve structure (like a rod) along an animal's back |
| Vertebrae | segments of bone that form a vertebral column ("backbone") |
| Cartilage | Strong, resilient material that makes up the skeletons of Chondrichthyes |
| Placenta | organ that connects the mother of placental mammals to her developing embryo |
| Brain | bundle of neural tissue found in the head of vertebrates |
| A thick collection of nerves that runs from the brain down the back of an animal, protected by a vertebral column | spinal cord |
