| A | B |
|---|
| pedites | foot soldiers |
| equites | cavalry |
| auxilia | auxiliary troops |
| alae | wings, edges of a battle line |
| imperator | general, commander in chief after winning an important victory |
| legatus | lieutenant |
| tribunus militum | staff officers who help the lieutenant |
| praefectus | prefect, officer as needed |
| quaestor | treasurer |
| primus pilus | most senior centurion |
| centurio | centurion |
| optio | deputy to the centurion |
| signifer | standard-bearer |
| cornicen | horn player |
| tubicen | trumpet player |
| vexillarius | flag bearer |
| sagittarius | archer |
| funditor | slingshot thrower |
| exploratores | scouts, patrols |
| dux | general/commander-in-chief |
| fabri | engineers, craftsmen |
| speculatores | spies |
| legio | legion; largest division in Roman army |
| cohors | cohort; one tenth of a legion |
| manipulus | maniple; two centuries |
| centuria | century; unit of 60-80 soldiers |
| contubernium | smallest unit of army comprised of 8 soldiers |
| ordines | ranks; synonymous with centuries |
