| A | B |
|---|
| European trade demands | spices, gold, natural resources |
| Spain, Portugal, England, France | countries have political and economic competition |
| Innovations in navigational arts | have Islamic origins |
| triangular sail | sail into wind (Muslim origins) |
| number system (1, 2, 3) | Muslim --Middle East origins |
| Paper, porcelain, silk, compass | came from China |
| Muslim scientific transfer to Europe | medicine, astronomy, mathematics (Algebra) |
| Prince Henry | called "The Navigator"; pioneered a navigation school in 1400s |
| Vasco da Gama | Portugal; first to sail to India |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed west to India--ran into America |
| Hernando Cortez | conquered Aztec (Mexico) for Spain |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquered Inca (S.America) for Spain |
| Ferdinand Magellan | first to circumnavigate earth (Spain) |
| Sir Francis Drake | British pirate and explorer; first English circumnavigate |
| Jacques Cartier | claimed Canada (Quebec) for French empire |
| Loss of Constantinople (1453) | forced western European nations to seek new trade routes |
| Motivations for Explorations | Gold, Glory, God |
| Spanish spread this | Catholic faith (Jesuits) |
| English spread this | Protestant faith (to N. America) |
| Rigid Class System | Latin America |
| Colonies imitate | culture of parent country |
| Forced to migrate to America | Africans (for slavery) |
| Dictatorial rule common | Latin America |
| European establish trading posts here | Asia and Africa |
| European emigrate here | North and South America |
| Demise of Aztec, Maya, Inca | smallpox is the reason |
| African trade | involves gold, slaves, raw materials |
| Colonization (c. 1500) by just small groups of merchants | India, the Indies, China |
| These countries have New Trading companies | Dutch, Portuguese, British |
| cash crops | sugar, coffee, cotton, tobacco |
| Plantation system | uses slaves to grow cash crops |
| Western Hemisphere products | corn, potato, peanuts, and tobacco |
| Eastern Hemisphere items | horses, cattle, and smallpox |
| corn and peanuts | new popular American products in Africa |
| gold and silver | exported to Europe and Asia |
| bullion caused hyper-inflation | in Spain |
| triangular trade | connected Europe, America, and Africa |
| triangular trade products | slaves, sugar, and rum |
| Columbian Exchange | products exchanged between Eastern and Western Hemisphere |
