| A | B |
|---|
| magnification | enlarging the image of a specimen |
| light | the type of microscope we use in school that uses a beam of light to view an object |
| cells | the basic unit of structure and function of living things |
| chloroplast | where photosynthesis takes place |
| vacuole | stores water and waste |
| nucleus | controls all of the cell's activities |
| cell membrane | controls what goes in and what goes out of a cell |
| cell theory | all living things are made of cells, etc. |
| diffusion | molecules move from an area of higher to lower concentration |
| active transport | requires a cell to move energy |
| photosynthesis | food making process for autotrophs |
| water, carbon dioxide, energy | end products of cellular respiration |
| glucose and oxygen | end products of photosynthesis |
| cellular respiration | breaking down food molecules to release energy |
| raw materials of photosynthesis | water and carbon dioxide + light and chlorohyll |
| raw materials of cellular respiration | glucose and oxygen |
| complementary | opposite processes; the end products of one are the raw materials of the other |
| cell division | the entire cell divides to form two exact copies |
| mitosis | division of the nucleus during cell division |
| replication | DNA copies itself |
| cancer | when some body cells divide uncontrollably |
| traits | inherited features or charactistics |
| gene | a section of DNA |
| allele | a different form of a gene |
| dominant | an allele whose trait always shows up when present |
| recessive | an allele whose trait is masked |
| phenotype | physical appearance of an organism |
| genotype | genetic make-up of an organism |
| chromosomes | rod-shaped structures made of DNA |
| homozygous | both alleles for a trait are the same |
| heterozygous | both alleles for a trait are different |
| inbreeding | crossing two individuals with similar or identical traits |
| hybridization | crossing two individuals with different traits to get the best of both parents |
| genetic engineering | transferring a gene from one organism to another |
| cloning | producing an organism identical to the one from which it was produced |
| pedigree | chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| sex chromosomes | X & Y |
| sex cells | gametes |
| fertilization | the process by which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| karyotype | a chart of chromosomes from one cell used to look for genetic disorders |
| genetic disorder | condition inherited through abnormal genes or mistakes on chromosomes |
| Down syndrome | disorder caused by an extra 21st chromosomes |
| amniocentisis | technique used to analyze fluid around a developing baby for genetic disorders |
| genome | all of the DNA/ genes in one cell |
| species | group of organisms so similar they can mate and produce fertile offspring |
| scientific name | genus and species names of an organism |
| extinct | no members of a species are still alive |
| six kingdoms | groupings for all living things |
| variation | any differences between individuals of the same species |
| natural selection | the means by which evolution occurs |
| inherited traits | traits that can be acted on by natural selection |
| needs of living things | energy source, water, living space, stable internal environment |
| homologous structures | body parts that are similar in design but used for different purposes |
| bipedalism | ability to walk upright |
| viruses | infectious agents |
| archaebacteria and eubacteria | kingdoms of bacteria |
| shapes of bacteria | rod, sphere, spiral |
| prokaryotes | organisms with no nucleus in their cells |
| antibiotic | used to treat bacterial diseases |
| vaccine | used to prevent viral diseases |
| penicillin | antibiotic made from mold |
| adaptations | any characteristic that helps an organism survive |
| invertebrates | animals that don't have backbones |
| parasite | organism that lives off of another organism |
| exoskeleton | skeleton/ rigid support on the outside of the body |
| regeneration | ability to regrow lost body parts |
| endoskeleton | skeleton/rigid support on the inside of the body |
