| A | B |
|---|
| princeps | first citizen |
| Pater Patriae | Father of the country |
| revered one | meaning of Augustus |
| emperor | absolute ruler of an empire |
| Octavian | given name of Augustus Caesar |
| Augustus | first emperor |
| freedmen | former enslaved people |
| census | population count |
| Roman Peace | Pax Romana |
| Pax Romana | period of 200 years of relative peace in Rome |
| tariffs | taxes |
| juris prudentes | lawyers who were legal writers |
| standardized | procedures or rules that are the same for everyone |
| 125 AD | Roman Laws standardized |
| 27 BC | Republic restored by Octavian |
| domus | a Roman house |
| insulae | islands relating to Roman apartment houses |
| rhetoric | speech and writing |
| pig-sticking | a type of hunt |
| Circus Maximus | oval arena that could hold more than 200,000 people; location of chariot races |
| gladiators | people who fought other people or animals in an arena for entertainment |
| 476 AD | Roman Empire dissolved |
| 161 AD | Marcus Aurelius became emperor |
| 312 AD | Constantine I became emperor |
| 330 AD | Constantinople became new capital of Roman Empire |
| 378 AD | Germanic tribes defeat Romans at Battle of Adrianople |
| 406 AD | Germanic tribes cross frozen Rhine River to invade Gaul |
| 410 AD | Germanic chief Alaric invades Rome |
| inflation | a period of ever-increasing prices |
| barter | exchanging goods without money |
| Diocletian | emperor who divided empire into two |
| rule by Divine Right | emperor's power to rule came from gods not the people |
| Constantine | first emperop to embrace Christianity |
| villas | country estates of the wealthy |
| Huns | nomadic herders from the east |
| iron stirrups | metal attached to boots making calvary stronger than infantry |
| Nero | cruel emperor who fiddled while Rome burned |
| Romulus Augustulus | last emperor of the Western Roman Empire |
| Ludus Magnus | famous training school for gladiators |
| Attila the Hun | last invader of Rome |
| Edit of Milan | a ruling by Constantine to end the killing of Christians |
| Constantinople | capital of the Eastern Roman Empire |
| Colosseum | oval arena and location of gladiator games |
| Forum | marketplace and political meeting place |
| Pantheon | originally a temple with first domed roof |
| aqueduct | system of pipes used to bring water to the towns and cities |
| Hadrian | good emperor known for building walls to protect the borders |
| Marcus Aurelius | good emperor, his death ended the Pax Romano |
| Attila the Hun | invades Italy in 452 AD |
| Praetorian Guard | special unit of soldiers who protected the emperor |
