| A | B |
|---|
| breathing | process of exchange of air between |
| respiration | all processes involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the environment |
| trachea | windpipe - the tube that air passes through in the neck |
| cilia | tiny hairlike structures that sweep away debris in the tracheea |
| epiglottis | the structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing |
| pharynx | the area past the nasal cavity at the back of the mouth where both food and air move after swallowing |
| larynx | the voice box |
| bronchi | the passages from the trachea to the left and right lungs |
| bronchioles | tiny tubes that come off the bronchi |
| alveoli | tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles in the lung - the site of gas exchange |
| pleural membrane | the thin membrane that surrounds the outer surface of lungs and lines the inner walls of chest cavity |
| diaphragm | sheet of muscle that regulates the pressure of the chest cavity during breathing |
| intercostal muscles | the muscles that raise and lower the rib cage |
| hemoglobin | the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells |
| carbonic anhydrase | an enzyme in red blood cells that speeds up the conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid |
| buffer | a substance capable of neutralizing acids and bases to maintain a certain pH level - hemoglobin acts as a buffer in the blood |
| chemoreceptor | specialized nerve receptor that is sensitive to specific chemicals |
| medulla oblongata | the part of the brain that regulates many functions including breathing rates |
| cardiac muscle | involuntary muscle of the heart |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in the lining of many organs and walls of blood vessels |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary muscle that makes bones of the skeleton move |
| tendon | band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| antagonistic muscles | pair of muscles arranged in pairs to work against each other to make joint move (ex. tricep, bicep) |
| flexor | muscle that contracts to bend a joint |
| extensor | muscle that contracts to straighten a joint |
| creatine phosphate | compound in muscle cells that releases a phosphate to ADP to help regenerate ATP in muscle cells |
| tetanus | state of constant muscle contraction |
