| A | B |
|---|
| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquakes starting point |
| fault | a break in Earth's crust |
| deformation | process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress |
| focus | the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins |
| caldera | large, semicircular depression that forms when the roof of a magma chamber collapses |
| asthenosphere | plastic layer of the mantle on which tectonic plates move |
| pangaea | the name of the single large landmass in the theory of continental drift |
| lithosphere | made up of the crust and upper mantle |
| tension | when forces act to stretch an object |
| compression | occurs when objects are squeezed |
| normal | type of fault created when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall |
| reverse | type of fault created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall |
| surface wave | the wave that is not a body wave |
| P-wave | the fastest seismic wave |
| S-wave | travel in a side-to-side motion |
| surface wave | the most destructive type of wave |
| surface wave | move both up and down & side to side |
| P-wave | travel through solids, liquids, and gases |
| core | The densest compounds that make up Earth are found in what layer? |
| Alfred Wegener | The hypothesis of continental drift was proposed by who? |
| Richter Scale | This is used to measure the magnitude or strength of an earthquake. |
| retrofitting | The process of making older structures more earthquake resistant is called what? |
| divergent | Seafloor spreading occurs at which type of boundary? |
| shield | Which type of volcano has gentle sloping sides, and is built of layers of lava released from repeated nonexplosive eruptions? |
| composite | The most common type of volcano froms from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter eruptions of lava, and is what kind of volcano? |
| hot spots | Volcanically active places on Earth's surface that are not near plate boundaries are called what? |
| dormant | A volcano that is currently not erupting, but has in the past, and may someday erupt again is classified as what? |
