| A | B |
|---|
| “Long ago it became evident that the key to every biological problem must finally be sought in the | cell; for every living organisms is, or at some time has been, a cell.” |
| The cell theory | became a perennial source of fruitful researches |
| Robert Hooke | First published depiction of microorganism anismfungus |
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek | “Father of Microbiology” |
| First to observe single-celled organisms-”animalcules” | Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
| van Leeuwenhoek’s subjects | Plaque! bacteria, Also many pond unicellular organisms, and first to see red |
| Botanist | Matthias Schleiden |
| Zoologist | Theodor Schwann |
| The Cell Theory by Schleiden and Schwann | 1.All organisms are one or more cells and 2.The cell is the structural unit of life |
| Rudolf Virchow | The “Biogenic Law” |
| Biogenic Law | All cells arise from preexisting cells (“Omnis cellula e cellula”) |
| Properties of cells | Complex, highly organized, Grow/divide: Self-reproduce, and Cells self-regulate their functions |
| Major Domains | Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
| Prokaryotes | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Bacteria small | Typically up to 10 micron |
| Eukaryotes | 10 to 1000 micron |
| Prokaryotic cells have a relatively | simple structure. |
| Eukaryotic cells have a | complex internal structure with many membrane limited organelles. |
| Cell Types have common features | Plasma membrane, DNA genetic code with similar codon usage, Metabolism similar, Transcription/translation similar |
| Prokaryotes Eukaryotes have nucleoid, No cytoskeleton | Oppositely Eukaryotes have nucleus and ctyoskeleton |
| Prokayotes 70S* ribosomes | Oppositely Eukaryotes 80S* ribosomes |
| Domain Eukarya: | The Eukaryotes |
| The Eukaryotes | Unicellular organisms and Multicellular organisms |
| Cytology | cell morphology |
| Biochemistry: | the chemistry of life |
| Molecular biology | the function of DNA and derivatives |
| Physiology: | homeostasis, sensory processes,etc. |
| Biophysics | the physical forces and processes |
| Structural biology | subnanometer organization |
| Non-cellular biology | Viruses, Viroids, and Prions |
| Viruses | Cannot self-replicate; require machinery of host cell |
| Viruses are Surrounded by protein coat | lipid envelope (some) |
| First discovered | Tobacco Mosaic Virus, late 1800s |
| ‘Sick sap’ infects | tobacco plant, no visible agent |
| Viruses must infect a host cell | to grow and reproduce. |
| Viroids | Short, circular ssRNA lacking protein coat |
| Prions | Pathogenic protein molecules |
| Prions are very | strange (scary)! |
| Understanding mainly developed over the past 200 years | The Cell Theory |
| Genetic techniques critical part of | cell bio |
| Conservation of function/structure across all phyla; | allows for use of model systems |
| The range of “life” extends beyond cells: | viruses, virions, prions. |
| Prions defy | the ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology. |
