| A | B |
|---|
| Covalent Bonds | Sharing of pairs of electrons between 2 atoms |
| Unequal Sharing of Electrons | Atoms participating in covalent bonds may have differing electronegativity |
| A polar molecule | one in which there is an uneven distribution of charge governed by differences in electronegativity in participating atoms |
| A nonpolar molecule | has an even distribution of charge |
| Polar molecules | Tend to be relatively more active than nonpolar molecules |
| O, S, N, P | Electronegative Atoms Included in polar covalent bonds |
| Electronegativity | Ability to attract electrons |
| Covalent bonds between atoms of equal electronegativity are | non-polar covalent bonds |
| Covalent bonds between atoms of unequal electronegativity are | are polar covalent bonds |
| Asymmetric Carbon | Carbon bonded to 4 different atoms/groups in a nonplanar configuration |
| Asymmetric Carbon can exist in one of two different 3-D orientations | “mirror images” and sterioisomers |
| Noncovalent Bonds | Hydrogen bonds, Ionic bonds, Hydrophobic interactions, Van der Waals forces |
