| A | B |
|---|
| Black Death | the outbreak of plague (mostly bubonic) in the mid-fourteenth century that killed from 25 to 50 percent of Europe’s population |
| Conciliarism | : a movement in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Europe that held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with a general church council, not the pope; emerged in response to the Avignon papacy and the Great Schism and used to justify the summoning of the Council of Constance (1414–1418). |
| Condottieri: | leaders of mercenary soldiers who sold the services of their troops to the highest bidder. |
| Grandi: | patrician class of nobles that dominated Italian cities and towns |
| Great Schism | the crisis in the late medieval church when there were first two and then three popes; ended by the Council of Constance (1414–1418 |
| Jacquerie: | mid-fourteenth century peasant revolt in northern France caused by economic and social disorder as a result of the Black Death and the Hundred Years’ War. |
| Mysticism | the immediate experience of oneness with God. |
| Pogroms | organized massacres of Jews. |
| Popolo grasso | literally the “fat people”; the wealthy merchant-industrialist class of Florence who expanded their political influence during the fourteenth century. |
| Popolo minuto: | the small shopkeepers and artisans of the Italian city-states. |
| Purgatory: | according to the church, the place where souls went after death to be purged of punishment for sins committed in life. |
| Scutage: | monetary payments in lieu of military service; increasingly popular among monarchs during the fourteenth century. |
