| A | B |
| artisan | a craftsperson |
| peasant | a person who does farm work for wealthy landowners |
| vizier | high ranking government official |
| alliance | an agreement between nations to work together |
| embalm | to treat a dead body with preservatives to prevent it from decaying |
| sarcophagus | a large stone coffin |
| hieroglyph | a symbol used in hieroglyphics, a system of writing developed around 3000 BCE |
| census | an official count of the population or number of people in an area |
| famine | a severe shortage of food |