| A | B |
|---|
| Genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| True-breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate |
| Trait | specific characteristics that vaires from one individual to another |
| Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Gene | serquence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Allele | one of a number of different fomrs of a gene |
| Segregation | seperation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Gamete | specialized cell invovled in sexual reproduction |
| Probability | likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| Homozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| Heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| Incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| Codominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| Multiple alleles | three or more alleles of the same gene |
| Polygenic traits | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Homologous | term used to refer to chromosomes that each have as corresponding chromosomes from the opposite-sex parent |
| Diploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| Meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Tetrad | structure containgin 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| Crossing over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| Gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
