| A | B |
|---|
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| Behavior | Observable and measurable actions of people and animals. |
| Cognitive Activities | Private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving. |
| Psychological Constructs | Conceptions that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured. |
| Theory | Set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does. |
| Principle | A rule or law. |
| Basic Research | Study conducted for its own sake without seeking a solution to a problem. |
| Introspection | Examination of one's own thoughts and feelings. |
| Associationism | Learned connection between two ideas or events. |
| Structuralism | School of Psychology founded by Wilhelm Wundt that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings. |
| Functionalism | School of Psychology founded by William James that emphasizes the purpose of behavior and mental processes. |
| Behaviorism | School of Psychology founded by John Watson that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. |
| Gestalt Psychology | School of Psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes. |
| Psychoanalysis | School of Psychology founded by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts. |
| Social-Learning Theory | Theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environment or create new ones. |
| Ethnic Group | Group united by cultural heritage, race, language, or common history. |
