| A | B |
|---|
| Hangul | alphabet developed in Korea that increased literacy |
| Pagoda | many storied Buddist temple [arcticture included upturned eves on the roof] |
| Shogun | supreme military commander in feudal Japan; the real ruler with more power than the emperor; [THINK = TOP GUN] |
| Zheng He | Chinese explorer & sea captain; made 7 voyages to Southeast Asia & African east coast |
| Genghiz Khan | Leader of mongols; title means "World Emperor"; conquered vast empire across Eurasia |
| Kublai Khan | grandson of Genghiz Khan; set up the non-Chinese Yuan Dynasty in China; promoted peace & trade along Silk Road |
| Marco Polo | Italian merchant visited China at the court of kublai Khan for 17 years; his book spurred European interest in trade with China |
| Yuan | Non-Chinese, mongol Dynasty set up by kublai khan |
| Confucianism | Main philosophy of China; taught respect for family, authority & tradition |
| 5 Basic Relationships | Part of Confucianism; ruler/ruled; father/son; older brother/younger brother; husband/wife & friend/friend |
| Buddhism | religion that started in India & spread to China, Krea & Japan by cutural diffusion |
| Ming | Chinese dynasty that restored Chinese rule after the Mongols [Yuan] |
| Honshu | largest of the 4 main Japanese islands |
| archipelago | gruop of islands [like Japan] |
| Yamato | the only Japanese dynasty to rule in japan |
| Samurai | Japanese warriors [knights] |
| Bushido | Code of conduct for Japanese Samurai warriors |
| Daimyo | Japanese war lords to whom the Samurai owed allegience |
| Silk Road | trade route across Eurasia [from China to Europe & the Middle East] |
| Celadin | type of pottery with a blue-green glaze perfected by Korean artisans |
| Gobi Desert | Large desert in western China |
| ethnocentrism | feeling that one's own culture is superior; China felt this way due to its geographic isolation |
| How did Zen Buddhism influence Japanese culture? | stressed self-discipline, simplicity, hard work & the precise performance of everyday tasks [ex. tea ceremony]; prayer & meditation; values followed by Samurai warriors & later became work ethic of business |
| Mongols as warriors | fierce; excellent horasemen; go days on a few handfuls of grains; used cannons, gunpowder & missiles to conquer China |
| Mongols as conquerors | gave best jobs in government to Mongols, but otherwise tolerant = allowed local customs & rule as long as people paid tribute |
| Inventions in Tang & Song Dynasties | block printing & movable type [early printing press]; small pox vacination; spinning wheel; mechanical clock; gunpowder |
| 3 social classes in China | 1. genrty [wealthy, educated landowners]; 2. peasants = farmers; 3. merchants = lowest because they made $ from others' labor |
| Impact of geography on China | long distances & geographic barriers [Himalayan Mountains; Gobi Desert; southern jungles & Pacific Ocean] isolated China and led to feeelings of ethnocentrism |
| Impact of geography on Japan | island nation with few natural resources turns to sea for trade & food; island location protected Japan from invasion, yet close enough to borrow ideas from China; earthquakes & volcanoes |
| Impact of geography on Korea | 1. PENNINSULA cut off from China by mountains which protected it from invasion; 2. 70% MOUNTAINS & IRREGULAR COASTLINE = turn to the sea for trade & food; 3rd largest fishing industry; 3. LOCATION = cultural bridge between China & Japan |
| Ideas borrowed from China by Japan & Korea | the religion of Buddhism; Confucianism; art; architecture; use of ideograms in written language; technology |
| Impact of religion on Tang & Song Dynasties | Buddhism influenced art = landscape painting; stutues of Buddha & architecture = pagodas |
| Impact of Confucian philosophy on China | 1. civil service exams to get government jobs based on education in Confucian ideas; 2. stress on education; 3. social order [3 classes] & obedience to authority; 4. importance of family; & 5 basic relationships |
| How did the Korean civil service differ from the Chinese civil service? | Korea borrowed the idea from China, but restricted it to only the upper class males, where in China even peasants could take the exam |
| Three ways korea's culture was different than China's | 1. Koreans improved Chinese inventions [ex. celedin replaced ordinary porcelain; 2. Korea changed the Chinese civil service exam so that only upper class males could take it; 3. Korea replaced Chinese system of writing based on ideographs with Hangul, an alphabet system everyone could learn |
