| A | B |
|---|
| AGRICULTURE | the art of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming |
| APARTHEID | a policy of racial segregation formerly practiced in South Africa. “Separateness” |
| ARID | having too little rainfall to support agriculture |
| BARREN | producing little or no vegetation |
| BIAS | an inclination marked by strong prejudice |
| BOYCOTT | to refuse to deal with (person, country) or use (products) usually to express disapproval or force concessions |
| BUDDHISM | a religion chiefly of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Gautama Buddha that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by mental and moral self-purification. |
| CAPTIALISM | an economic system in which natural resources and means of production are privately owned, investments are determined by private decisions rather than state control, and prices are determined by competition in the market. |
| CASH CROP | crop raised to be sold |
| CASTE SYSTEM | a division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank, or occupation; Typical of Hindu society |
| CENSUS | a periodic governmental counting of population and other statistics |
| CHRISTIANITY | the religion deriving from Jesus Christ |
| CITY | an inhabited place usually of greater size or importance than a town |
| CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE | to peacefully refuse to obey a law |
| CIVILIZATION | the relatively high level of cultural and technological development |
| CLIMATE | the average weather conditions or patterns of a place or region over a period of time |
| COLONIZE | to establish a colony |
| COLONY | a body of people sent out by a state to a new territory |
| COMMERCIAL FARMING | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in outside markets; large scale farming done by companies. |
| CONFUCIANISM | relating to the Chinese philosopher Confucius or his teachings or followers |
| CONTINENT | a continuous mass of land (Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South America, Europe) |
| COUNTRY | the land of a person’s birth, residence, or citizenship; a political state or nation or its territory |
| CRISIS | an unstable or crucial time or state of affairs |
| CROP | a plant or animal or product that can be grown and harvested |
| CULTURAL DIFFUSION | the movement of customs and ideas from one culture to another |
| CULTURAL DIVERSITY | the condition of having different cultures |
| CULTURE | the characteristic features of a civilization including its beliefs, customs, social institutions |
| CUSTOM | a usage or practice common to many; a long established practice like unwritten law |
| DEFORESTATION | to clear of forests |
| DELTA | the triangular or fan shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of the river |
| DEMOCRACY | government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through representation |
| DESERTIFICATION | the changing of fertile land into land that is too dry to grow crops |
| DEVELOPED NATION | having a relatively high level of industrialization and a high standard of living |
| DEVELOPING NATION | a nation that has little industry and little modern technology |
| DICTATOR | a leader that has absolute power |
| DICTATORSHIP | a form of government in which absolute power is held by a dictator |
| DISCRIMINATE | to make a distinction in favor of or against one person or thing as compared with others |
| DIVERSIFY | to give variety to |
| DOMESTICATE | to adapt wild plants and animals to human use |
| DROUGHT | a long period without rain |
| ECONOMY | a system for producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services |
| ELEVATION | height above sea level |
| ETHNIC GROUP | a group that shares the same ancestors, culture, language or religion |
| EXPLORATION | the act of looking into or searching |
| EXPORT | when a product is sent or carried abroad for sell in another country |
| EXTENDED FAMILY | the nuclear family along with aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents |
| FAMINE | an extreme shortage of food |
| FERTILE | able to grow a lot of plants |
| FIELD | a piece of open land that is usually put to some special use |
| FOREIGN DEBT | money owed to foreign countries |
| HYBRID | a plant that is a combination of 2 or more types of the same plant |
| GOVERNMENT | a system that establishes and enforces laws and the institutions of society |
| IMPORT | something bought by one country from another in trade |
| IRRIGATE | to artificially water crops |
| FREE MARKET ECONOMY | an economy that operates by free competition |
| IMPERIALISM | actions by which one nation is able to control another usually smaller or weaker nations |
| GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT | the total value of the goods/services produced in a nation in a year |
| HYDROELECTRICITY | electrical power produced by wate |
| INDUSTRY | manufacturing activity |
| HINDUISM | a body of social, cultural, and religious beliefs and practices native to the Indian subcontinent |
| ISLAM | a religion based on the prophet Muhammad and on the Koran |
| JUDAISM | a religion developed by ancient Israelites that believes in one God and teachings from the Torah |
| LITERACY RATE | is an estimate of a certain group’s ability to read and write |
| ISOLATIONISM | the national policy of remaining secluded from political engagements with other countries |
| ISTHMUS | is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger areas of land |
| LIFE EXPECTANCY | the length of an average person’s life |
| MIGRATE | to move from one place to another |
| LAND USE | the way land is put to service |
| MALNUTRITION | faulty or inadequate nutrition |
| LITERACY | the ability to read or write |
| NATIONALIZED | taking once privately owned business and placing them under national control |
| MONOTHEISM | belief in one God |
| NAVIGABLE | a water source deep and wide enough for ships to pass through |
| MILITARISM | control and dominance of the military class |
| MONSOONS | winds that hit a region at certain times during the year |
| NATIONALISM | pride in one’s country |
| NOMAD | a person with no settled home who travels from place to place in search of food and water |
| MINERAL RESOURCE | resources usually removed from the ground that benefit human life. (coal, oil, iron) |
| NATURAL RESOURCE | something that occurs in nature and is of value to human life like water, forests, animals |
| MULTIPARTY SYSTEM | a government that has more than one political party |
| NOMADIC HERDING | person with no settled home who moves from place to place in search of water and grazing for their herds |
| NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES | a resource that cannot be replaced once its been used (oil, coal, iron) |
| NUCLEAR FAMILY | a mother, father, and children |
| OASIS | a fertile place in the desert where there is water and vegetation |
| OCCUPATION | one’s profession or business |
| OVERPOPULATION | too many people living in a certain area |
| PASTURE | land used for grazing |
| PILGRIMAGE | a religious journey |
| POLYTHEISM | the belief in many gods |
| POPULATION DENSITY | the average number of people living in a given area |
| POPULATION GROWTH | increase in human numbers especially because of greater survival skills |
| PRODUCTION | to bring something about by work |
| RACE | division of mankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type |
| RAIN FOREST | thick forest receiving at least 60 inches of rain per year |
| REFORESTATION | to renew forest cover on land by seeding or planting |
| RENEWABLE RESOURCES | a natural resource that the environment |
| REPUBLIC | type of government run by officials who represent the people being governed |
| RESOURCE | a new or reserve source of supply or support |
| REVOLUTION | a change in political organization by overthrowing 1 government and substituting it with another government by those governed |
| RIVER MOUTH | Point where river enters a lake or stream |
