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History 19.3
TR, Taft, and Wilson (elections)
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| A | B |
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| Election of 1908 | TR handpicked Taft on Republican side, William Jennings Bryan tried for a third time to win office. Taft won easily |
| Taft's pledge after TR | carry on progressive program- 90 antitrust cases, supporting other reforms |
| Issue of Tariff reduction for Taft | failure to reduce, angered progressives in own party, insurgent movement arose |
| Ballinger-Pinchot Affair | Ballinger allowed private group to obtain Alaskan public lands (rich coal deposits), Pinchot (head of Forest Service) protested congressional comittee, Taft fired Pinchot, insurgent House Republicans rebelled against party leader, joined Democrats in vote against Ballinger, who eventually resigned |
| Midterm Elections of 1910 | TR found storm of protest against Taft, began speaking in favor of insurgent Republican candidates, called for "New Nationalism", Republicans lost seats + Democrats captured house of Reps., Insurgents dominated senate, Roosevelt would oppose Taft in 1912 for Presidential nomination |
| New Nationalism | TR's program of regulation of business, welfare legislation, and stronger workplace protections for women and children, income and inhertance taxes, direct primaries, and the initiative, referendum, and recall |
| Taft's Record | reserved more public lands + brought more antitrust suits in four years than TR had in secven, supported Children's Bureau, 16th+17th amendments, Mann-Elkins Act(1910), never recovered from Ballinger-Pinchot affair |
| Election of 1912 | Debs-socialist, Taft-republican, Roosevelt-BullMooseprogressives, Wilson-Democratic, wilson won; combined popular votes for TR + Taft= victory, republican split |
| Bull Moose Party | nickname of Progressive Party |
| Bull Moose platform | tariff reduction, woman suffrage, regulation of business, end to child labor, 8-hr workday, federal workers' compensation system, + popular election of senators |
| Hiram Johnson | TR's running mate, california's progressive crusader |
| New Freedom | Wilson's policy to enforce antitrust laws w/o threatening free economic competition |
| Wilson Background | son of southern minister, education excelling in politics + public speaking, president of Princeton University, Gov. of NJ 1910, high moral principles, effective oratory |
| Election of 1916 | wilson narrowly defeated Charles Hughes (republican), "He Kept us out of War" |
| Limited Views of Progressives | African Americans- none could run as delagates, woman's vote passed to diminish Af Am vote; City problems- plight of tenant + migrant farmers + nonauthorized workers, some supported imigrant restriction + literacy tests; uncritically supported imperialistic adventures |
| End of Progressive Coalition | August 1914 war began in Europe, nations began to assemble troops + supplies, Calls to prepare for war drowned out calls for reform in US, end of 1916 reform spirit sputtered out w/ exception of drive for woman suffrage |
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