| A | B |
|---|
| Absorption | The intake of water, gases, nutrients or other substances by plants |
| Biennial | A plant that lives for two years and then dies |
| Bud | A protuberance containing miniature leaves or flowers, located terminally or laterally on a stem |
| Cambium | The actively growing cells between the bark and the wood in a tree or shrub They give rise to secondary xylem and phloem of dicotyledonous stems |
| Cell | The ultimate functional unit of an organic structure, plant, or animal. It consists of a microscopic mass of protoplasm which includes a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. In most plants, it is surrounded by a cell wall |
| Cortex | The outer layer or region of any organ |
| Differentiation | The development or growth of a cell, organ, or immature organism into a mature organism |
| Epidermis | The cellular layer of an organism; the outer skin |
| Fibrous Root System | A root system that is comprised of profusely branched roots with many lateral rootlets |
| Flower | The reproductive structure of a seed-bearing plant, consisting of the male and/or female organs that are surrounded by one or two series of outer coverings" |
| Leaf | A flattened outgrowth from a plant stem, varying in size and shape, usually green, which is concerned primarily with the manufacture of carbohydrates by photosynthesis |
| Membrane | A thin, flexible sheet of vegetable or animal tissue; the thin protoplasmic tissue connecting, covering, or lininga structure, such as a cell of a plant or animal |
| Meristem | Plant tissue capable of cell division and therefore responsible for growth |
| Osmosis | The flow of a fluid through a semi permeable membrane separating two solutions, which permits the passage of the solvent but not the dissolved substance. The liquid will flow from a weaker to a stronger solution, thus tending to equalize concentrations. |
| Perennial | A plant that lives for more than two years |
| Phloem | Inner bark; the principle tissue concerned with the translocation of elaborated food produced in the leaves, or other areas, downward in the branches, stems, and roots. |
| Primary Root | The main descending axis of a plant; the pole of the embryo opposite the shoot. |
| Root Cap | The extreme tip of the root consisting of a group of cells that slough off and are replaced as the tip moves through the soil. It protects the growing region of the root. |
| Root Crops | Any of a number of field and garden crops whose underground roots are used as food for people and animals, as turnips, beets, carrots, and sweet potatoes. |
| Root Hair | A hair like growth on an epidermal cell of the root. It absorbs water and mineral nutrients for the plant |
| Secondary Root | A lateral branch of a primary or main root |
| Stem | Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant. Can be vertical or horizontal |
| Taproot | The primary descending root, usually conical, of a plant from which lateral branching roots may develop; e.g., as in carrots and alfalfa |
| Turgid | Swollen, or tightly drawn, said of a membrane or covering expanded by pressure from within; e.g., growing plants have turgid cells |
| Turgor | The distension of the cell wall and protoplasmic layer of plants by fluids. It is essential to growth |
| Vascular Tissues | The fluid-conducting tissues of a plant including both xylem (water conducting) and phloem (food-conducting) tissues |
| Wilt | The temporary or transient loss of turgidity in a plant, caused by a rate of transpiration in excess of the rate of absorption of water |
| Xylem | The ÒplumbingÓ system that conducts water and dissolved mineral up the stems from the roots |
