| A | B |
|---|
| Articles of Confederation | original government of the United States |
| Shays's Rebellion | Tax uprising in Massachusetts |
| Northwest Ordinance | plan for admission to union of new states |
| debt, paper money, state constitutions | some cause of the Constitutional Convention |
| James Madison | drafter of the Constitution |
| Virginia Plan | plan to give representatives to states based on population (favored big states) |
| New Jersey Plan | plan to give the same number of representatives to each state (favored small states) |
| Great Compromise | creation of House of Representatives and a Senate |
| 3/5 Compromise | system of counting slaves for purposes of representation in the House |
| Federalists | party that wanted a strong central government |
| Alexander Hamilton | leading Federalist |
| Federalist papers | articles published during the Constitutional convention putting forth views of Hamilton |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the Constitution |
| George Washington's cabinet | Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox |
| Bank of the United States | part of Hamilton's plan for economic development` |
| Whiskey Rebellion | uprising in Pennsylvania which was put down by Washington |
| strict constructionism | belief that the Constitution should be interpreted narrowly |
| implied powers | powers that can be read into the Constitution but are not spelled out specifically |
| Treaty of Greenville | agreement between US and Oneidas over territory in Ohio |
| Arthur St. Clair and Anthony Wayne | generals who fought Native Americans in Ohio territory |
| Jay's Treaty | agreement between the US and Britain over Northwest Territories, trade, and reparations for the Revolutionary War |
| Washington's farewell address | speech warning against dangers of factions and parties |
| XYZ Affair | extortion from American diplomats by French ambassadors during John Adams' presidency |
| Alien Act | law under John Adams to put restraints on foreigners in the United States |
| Sedition Act | law under John Adams to prevent criticism of the government in times of crisis |
| Virginia and Kentucky resolutions | documents suggesting that individual states could declare federal laws unconstitutional |
| Republicans | party of states rights, farming interests |
| election of 1800 | only election in which the electoral college was tied |
| election of 2000 | election in which the disputed electoral votes of Florida decided the presidency |
| Aaron Burr | vice-presidential candidate of Jefferson in 1800 |
| midnight judges | last-minute judicial appointments before John Adams left office |
| John Marshall | influential chief justice of the Supreme Court |
| Marbury vs. Madison | court case which established principle of judicial review |
| Manifest Destiny | idea that American democracy was fated to expand |
| Louisiana Purchase | area west of the Mississippi, acquired by United States in 1803 |
| Lewis and Clark | explorers of Louisiana Territory |
| Sacagawea | guide of Lewis and Clark |
| impressment | British practices of forcing sailors into navy service |
| The Chesapeake | ship forcibly boarded by British seeking sailors for their navy |
| Embargo Act (1807) | Jefferson's attempt to deal with attacks on Americans at sea |
| War of 1812 | conflict over impressment and freedom of the seas |
| Missouri Compromise | agreement to limit slavery in new states to a line south of 36-30 |
| Gabriel's Rebellion | slave uprising |
| Monroe Doctrine | statement that the United States would stay out of European affairs if Europe would stay out of American affairs |
| Lowell | New England mill town |
| cotton gin | new technology that made settlement of Alabama profitable |
| boarding houses | type of residence favored by girls in mill towns |
| canals and turnpikes | ways of facilitating transportation to the interior of the United States |
| Andrew Jackson | candidate who received the largest number of popular votes and electoral votes in 1824 |
| John Quincy Adams | candidate who won the election of 1824 when it was thrown into the House of Representatives |
| Nullification Crisis | standoff between Andrew Jackson and South Carolina over federal tariffs |
| Trail of Tears | forcible removal of Native Americans from the southeastern United States to the west |
| Cherokee and Seminoles | Native Americans hard hit by Jackson's Indian Removal policy |
