| A | B |
|---|
| transient exuberance | the phenomenal increase in neural connections that takes place over the first 2 years of life |
| habituation | process of becoming so familiar with a particular stimulus that it no longer elicits the physiological responses it did when it was originally experienced |
| perception | the mental processing of sensory information |
| marasmus | disease characterized by growth stopping, body tissues wasting away, and even death |
| kwashiorkor | disease characterized by thinning hair and bloating of the legs, face, and abdomen |
| affordance | each of the various opportunities for perception, action, and interaction that an object or place offers to any individual |
| dynamic perception | arises from the movement of objects and changes in their position |
| deferred imitation | the ability to witness, remember, and later copy a particular behavior |
| underextension | the use of a word to refer only to certain things, even though the word is generally applied more broadly by most people |
| holophrase | a single word that expresses a complete thought |
| social referencing | looking to trusted adults for cues on how to interpret unfamiliar or ambiguous events |
| temperament | set of innate tendencies, or dispositions, that underlie and affect each person's interactions with people, situations, and events |
| goodness of fit | the degree to which a child's temperament matches the demands of his or her environment |
| synchrony | coordinated interaction between infant and parent in which each indiviual responds to and influences the other |
| contact-maintaining behaviors | intended to keep a person near another person to who he or she is attached |
| intergenerational transmission | the assumption that mistreated children grow up to become abusive or neglectful parents themselves |
| differential response | the idea that child-maltreatment reports should be separated into those that require immediate investigation and those that require supportive measures |
| centration | tendency to focus on one way of thinking and perceiving, without acknowledging any alternatives |
| scaffold | to structure participation in learning encounters in order to foster a child's emerging capabilities |
| theory of mind | an understanding of human mental processes |
| Oedipus complex | in the phallic stage of psychosexual development, the sexual desire that boys have for their mothers and the hostility they have toward their fathers |
| identification | defense mechanism that lets a person symbolically take on the role and attitudes of someone more powerful than himself or herself |
| androgyny | a balance, within an individual, of male and female gender characteristics |
| prosocial behavior | an action that is performed to benefit other people without the expectation of reward for oneself |
| emotional regulation | the ability to direct or modify one's feeligs |
