| A | B |
|---|
| 135 - 145 mEq/ L | Sodium |
| Most abundant ECF electrolyte | Sodium |
| Major determinant of plasma osmolality | Sodium |
| Most common electrolyte disturbance in elderly | Sodium |
| Serum Osmolality < 275 Osm/ kg | Hyponatremia |
| Cerebral Swelling/ Cellular Swelling | Hyponatremia |
| Serum Osmolality > 295 mOsm/ kg | Hypernatremia |
| Cerebral Shrinking/ Cellular Shrinking | Hypernatremia |
| Personality changes are common in which two electrolyte abnormalities | Hyponatremia and Hypercalcemia |
| Dry mucous membranes | Hypernatremia |
| Hemodilution of Hemaglobin and Hematocrit | Hyponatremia |
| Muscle cramps, weakness | Early sign of Hyponatremia |
| Conduction problems in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle | Potassium |
| Most abundant intracelluar electrolyte | Potassium |
| Kidneys eliminate 80-90% of which electrolyte | Potassium |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | Hypokalemia |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Hyperkalemia |
| Major electrolyte implicated in cardiac dysrhythmias | Potassium |
| 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/ L | Potassium |
| Paresthesias | Early sign of Hyperkalemia |
| T wave depression on ECG | Hypokalemia |
| T wave peaked on ECG | Hyperkalemia |
| The electrolye implicated in hypotension, irregardless of whether it is elevated or decreased | Potassium |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin needed to absorb Calcium from the intestines |
| PTH and Vitamin D | Regulate Calcium balance |
| Decreased clotting | Hypocalcemia |
| Tetany is present with which two electrolyte imbalances | Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia |
| Hyperactive reflexes | Hypocalcemia |
| Laryngeal spasm | Hypocalcemia |
| Lethargy, stupor, coma | Hypercalcemia |
| Increased intestinal absorption, increased bone reabsorption, decreased elimination | Hypercalcemia |
| Fractures and bone pain | Hypocalcemia |
| Inversely related Calcium | Phosphorus |
| Which two electrolytes are elevated in Renal Failure | Phosphorus and Potassium |
| 2.5 - 4.5 mg/ dL | Phosphorus |
| 8.5 - 10.5 mEq/ L | Calcium |
| 1.8 - 3.0 mg/ dL | Magnesium |
| Essential for RNA and DNA | Magnesium |
| Decreases in Magnesium are associated with decreases in these two electrolytes | Potassium and Calcium |
| Decreased reflexes, dysrhythmias | Hypermagnesemia |
