| A | B |
|---|
| What did Charlemagne look like? | Blonde, mustache, bright eyes, 6'3" tall, heavy |
| Who crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire? | Pope Leo III |
| Why was Charlemagne unhappy when he was crowned Emperor? | He thought that God made him Emperor, not the Pope. |
| When Charlemagne died, into how many parts was his empire divided? | Three |
| Describe the Vikings’ hairstyles. | Both men and women had long hair. |
| How were married Viking women treated? | They were respected. |
| Describe the religion of the Vikings. | They worshipped many gods and sacrificed crops and animals to their gods |
| What did the Viking culture center around? | War |
| How did the Vikings feel about education? | It was not important. |
| Why were the Vikings able to attack Europe? | Europe was weak after Charlemagne's empire fell apart. |
| What does it mean to go "a-viking"? | To go on an overseas adventure |
| What did 13th Century castles have that motte and bailey castles lacked? | stone walls, parapets, ventilation slits, a portcullis, arrow slits, turrets, a dungeon, and a shaft |
| What did motte and bailey castles have that 13th Century castles lacked? | a motte and wooden stockades |
| What did both motte and bailey castles and 13th Century castles have? | a keep, a bailey, workshops, a barn, stables, a drawbridge, residences, a chapel, a moat, and stables |
| What was used to build motte and bailey castles? | earth and wood |
| What was used to build 13th Centure castles? | stone |
| What was a motte? | A mound of dirt and rock constructed in order to raise the level of the castle |
| What was a keep? | Stronghold of the castle that served as a fortress and residence for the nobles |
| What was a bailey? | Wider area of land next that contained additional buildings |
| How was a drawbridge used for protection? | Could be drawn back or raised to prevent the moat from being crossed in an attack |
| What was a moat? | a ditch; a man-made body of water |
| What was a stockade? | a wall of wooden stakes |
| What were ventilation slits for? | Used instead of windows; allowed a person to shoot an arrow out of the slit and still be protected; just large enough to allow some fresh air into the castle |
| What was a shaft used for? | The only sanitation in castles |
| How was the dungeon used? | as an underground chamber; used for storage; used for a well; occasionally used to hold captured knights for ransom |
| What is a turret? | Smaller, decorated towers built onto the main structure of the castle became popular |
| What was a parapet? | Low wall that protected the tower’s edge |
| What were arrow slits? | Slits carved out of the parapet that allowed the knights to shoot crossbows, drop cauldrons of boiling oil, etc… against the enemy |
| What was a portcullis? | A sliding grille of iron or wood hung in the gateway to the castle that could be lowered quickly to prevent the enemy from entering the castle |
| What class was at the highest level of the medieval hierarchy? | the Monarch |
| What class was at the second highest level of the medieval hierarchy? | Lords and Nobles |
| What class was at the third highest level of the medieval hierarchy? | Knights or Vassals |
| What class was at the lowest level of the medieval hierarchy? | Peasants: serfs or freemen |
| What was the first event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | Edward promised Duke William the throne of England. |
| What was the second event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | Edward, King of England, died with no children. |
| What was the third event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | The Anglo-Saxon assembly selects Harold, Edward's brother-in-law, to be King. |
| What was the fourth event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | Hardrada, King of Norway, claims he should inherit the throne. |
| What was the fifth event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | Harold's army defeats Hardrada's army at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. |
| What was the sixth event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | William set sail for England. |
| What was the last event that led to William the Conqueror becoming the King of England? | The Battle of Hastings occurs in 1066. |
| What 4 things did Kind John do to anger the people of England? | He raised taxes and forced them to buy goods at high prices, demanded money for his war against France and lost land, ordered them to build him palaces, and engaged in a quarrel with the Pope. |
| What were the 3 main components of the Magna Carta? | No imprisonment without a jury trial, the monarch may not interfere with the Church's authority, and the monarch must consult with the lords before taxing |
