| A | B |
|---|
| How many bones | 206 |
| Body of bone | main part |
| Head of bone | enlarged end |
| Neck of bone | constriction between head and body |
| Fossa | General term for a depression |
| Process | Prominent projection |
| Tubercle | Small rounded bump |
| Tuberosity | Knob |
| Trochanter | Tuberosities on promixmal femur |
| Long bones | it length is greater than its width |
| short bones | equal in length, width, and thickness |
| Flat bones | thin or curved |
| Irregular bones | don't fit into any other category |
| Sesamoid bones | embedded within tendons or cords |
| Accessory bones | unfused bones |
| Diaphysis | Hollow tube of compact bone |
| Medullary cavity | Hollow area inside diaphysis, contains yellow marrow |
| Epiphysis | Ends of bones, spongy bone |
| Articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage covering epiphysis |
| Periosteum | strong fibrous membrane covering diaphysis |
| Endosteum | Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity |
| Compact bone | hard, dense, stress bearing bone |
| Spongy bone | light, spongy, low stress bone |
| Osteoblast | bone building, bones repairing cells |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| Osteoclast | Cells that cause reabsorption of bone |
| 1st step bone formation | collagen fiber secreted by fibroblast |
| 2nd step bone formation | cartilage deposited between fibers |
| 3rd step bone formation | ossification |
| childhood | ossification exceeds bone loss |
| middle age | ossification equals bone loss |
| after age 35 | bone loss exceeds ossification |
| Where does bone grow in length | epiphyseal line |
| Where does bone grow in width | surface of bone |
| What gland controls growth | anterior pituitary |
| Dwarfism | hypofunction of growth |
| Gigantism | Hyperfunction of growth |
| Acromegaly | hyperfunction of growth after puberty |
| Yellow marrow stores | fat |
| Skull function | protect brain |
| Malleus | bone in middle ear, hammer shaped |
| Incus | bone in middle ear, anvil shaped |
| Stapes | Bone in middle ear, stirrup shaped |
| Function of paranasal sinuses | resonating chambers |
| Atlas | 1st cervical vertebrae |
| 2nd vertebrae | Axis |
| 2nd group of vertebrae (12) | thoracic |
| 1st group of vertebrae (7) | cervical |
| 3rd group of vertebrae (5) | Lumbar |
| 4th section of vertebrae (1) | sacral |
| 5th section of vertebrae (1) | coccyx |
| Kyphosis | hunchback |
| Lordosis | Swayback |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of spine |
| 1st part of sternum | manubrium |
| 2nd part of sternum | body |
| 3rd part of sternum | xiphoid process |
| 1st seven pair of ribs | true ribs |
| 8-12 ribs | false ribs |
| 11 and 12th ribs | floating ribs |
| humerus bone | upper arm |
| radius | bone on thumb side of forearm |
| ulna | bone on little finger side of forearm |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | hand bones |
| fingers/toes | phalanges |
| Femur | thigh bone |
| Patella | kneecap |
| tibia | skin bone |
| fibula | lateral bone on lower leg |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| Bones mainly store | calcium |
| Levers | muscles attach to bones to help provide movement |
