| A | B |
|---|
| immigrant | People who leave one country/nation for another |
| Immigrants before 1890 | Mostly Northern and Western Europeans who were Protestant (assimilated easily with “natives”) “old immigrants” |
| Immigrants after 1890 | Mostly Southern and Eastern Europeans who were Jews and Catholics (looked down upon by “natives”) “new immigrants” |
| Push factors | Reasons such as political unrest, or famine that caused immigrants to leave a country |
| Pull factors | Reasons such as jobs, or freedom that cause an immigrant to move to a new country |
| Steerage | Crowded place below a ship’s deck, usually reserved for the lowest paying passengers (immigrants) |
| Ellis Island | New York Island where immigrants passed through before entering America |
| Angel Island | San Francisco, CA Island where immigrants passed through before entering America |
| Americanization | Becoming American—adopting the culture of America |
| Settlement houses | Homes set up in communities that served as community centers and provided services to the poor |
| Nativism | Belief that immigrants should be limited or tightly controlled. Usually a dislike of immigrants |
| Ghettos | Neighborhood known for being populated by ethnic minorities and the poor |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Law that halted Chinese immigrants from coming to the U.S. |
| urbanization | The growth of cities |
| Rural-to-urban migrant | Farmers who lost their jobs to machines and went looking for work in the cities |
| Suburb | Area outside of a city that is largely residential, but has quick access to the city center |
| Tenements | Poorly constructed, unsafe, crowded apartment buildings, with poor sanitation often home to the poorest urban residents |
| Jacob Riis | Journalist who used photos to call attention to poor living conditions of many urban residents |
| quota | limit on the number or amount of people or things that are allowed |
