| A | B |
|---|
| Lithosphere | Earth's crust and solid upper mantle |
| Hydrosphere | the Earth's water |
| Atmosphere | the Earth's air |
| Biosphere | the earth's plants, animals, and microorganisms |
| Climate | Earth's average weather patterns |
| Biomes | geographic regions that support different kinds of life |
| Mantle | Earth's region of hot, dense rock |
| Plate Tectonics | Earth's lithosphere is divided into large slabs of slowly moving rock |
| Convection | Spread of heat through the movement of a fluid substance |
| Rift valley | long valleys produced by the pulling apart of tectonic plates |
| Lava | Magma that has reached the earth's surface |
| Ring of Fire | zone of volcanoes aroung the Pacific Rim |
| Weathering | wearing down of rocks by wind, water, ice, and living things |
| Tsunami | Huge ocean wave created by an earthquake |
| Erosion | process by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away |
| Deposition | laying down of eroded materials |
| Plateau | a flat highland whose sides drop suddenly because of erosion |
| Valley | a low area between mountains |
| Canyon | a deep gorge or ravine between cliffs |
| Seismic Waves | vibrations sent through the earth's crust |
