| A | B |
|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of mind and behaviour |
| indiviual difference | the variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions |
| data | Any information collected through formal observations or measurement |
| hindsight bias | the tendecy to think we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict |
| levels of explanation | The perspective that are used to understand behaviour |
| scientific method | the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research |
| behaviourism | a school of psychology that is based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behaviour itself |
| cognitive psychology | a field of psychology that studies mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgement |
| fitness | the extent to which having a given genetic characteristic helps an individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of the species who do not have the characteristic |
| introspection | a method of learning about psychological processes in which research participants are asked to describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental tasks |
| neuroimaging | the use of various techniques to provide pictures of the structure and function of the living brain |
| psychodynamic psychology | an approach to understanding human behaviour that focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts,feelings, and memories |
| culture | a common set of social norms, including religious and family values and other moral beliefs, shared by the people who live in a geographical region |
| evolutionary psychology | a branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory of natural selection to human and animal behaviour |
| functionalism | a school of psychology whose goal was to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess |
| heritability | the proportion of the observed differences on characteristics among people that is due to genetics |
| social-cultural psychology | a field of psychology that focuses on how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behvaiour |
| social norm | the ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group members and are perceived by them as appropriate |
| structuralism | a school of psychology whose goal was to identify the basic elements of psychological experience |
