| A | B |
|---|
| neuroplasticity | the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage |
| amygdala | a region of the old brain primarily responsible for regulating our perceptions of, and reactions to, aggression and fear |
| association areas | brain regions in which sensory and motor information is combined and associated with stored knowledge |
| auditory cortex | the area located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for hearing and language |
| brain lateralization | the idea that the left and the right hemispheres of the brain are specialized to perform different functions |
| brain stem | the oldest and innermost region of the brain, it serves to control the most basic functions of life, including breathing, attention, and motor responses |
| cerebellum | two wrinkled ovals located behnind the brain stem that function to coordinate voluntary movement |
| cerebral cortex | the outer bark-like layer of the brain that allows us to so successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools, and live in social gtoups |
| corpus callosum | the region that connects the two halves of the brain and supports communication between the hemispheres |
| frontal lobe | one of the four brain lobes, responsible primarily for thinking, planning, memory, and judgment |
| glial cells | cells that surround and link to the neurons, protecting them, providing them with nutrients, and absorbing unused neurotransmitters |
| hippocampus | a limbic system brain structure important in storing information in long-term memory |
| hypothalamus | a brain structure that performs a variety of functions, including the regulation of hunger and sexual behaviour, as well as linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland |
| limbic system | a brain area located between the brain stem and the two cerebral hemispheres that governs emotion and memory |
| medulla | the area of the brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing |
| motor cortex | the part of the cortex that controls and executes movements of the body by sending signals to the cerebellum and the spinal cord |
| neurogenesis | the forming of new neurons |
| occipital lobe | one of the four brain lobes, responsible primarily for processubg visual information |
| parietal lobe | one of the four brain lobes, respinsible primarily for processing information about touch |
| pons | a structure in the brain stem that helps control the movements of the body, playing a particularly important role in balance and walking |
| reticular formation | a long, narrow network of neurons that runs through the medulla and the pons |
| somatosensory cortex | an area just behind and parallel to the motor cortex at the back of the frontal lobe that recieves information from the skin's sensory receptors and the movements of different body parts |
| temporal lobe | one of the four brain lobes, responsible primarily for hearing and language |
| thalamus | the egg-shaped structure above the brain stem that filters sensory information coming up from the spinal cord and relays signals to the higher brain levels |
| visual cortex | the area located in the occipital lobe that processes visual information |
