| A | B |
|---|
| Voltaire | satirical philosophe who advocated tolerance and freedom of religion |
| John Locke | political thinker advocating self-government |
| Montesquieu | philosophe who advocated separation of powers |
| Thomas Hobbes | political thinker who argued in favor of strong governments |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | political thinker who argued for equal education and political rights of women |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | argued that civilization corrupts human goodness |
| Cesare Bonesana Beccaria | philosopher who influenced reformers of the criminal justice system |
| Denis Diderot | edited and published first encyclopedia |
| Frederick the Great | ruled Russia as an enlightened despot |
| Catherine the Great | rulled Prussia as an enlightened despot |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| Articles of Confederation | created first national government of the United States |
| Paris | center of early Enlightenment |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory |
| Galileo Galilei | invented the first telescope |
| Estates-General | Representative body of pre-revolution France |
| Third Estate | represented 98% of French population |
| Old Regime | feudal system of France in use since the Middle Ages |
| National Assembly | representative body created by Third Estate in revolutionary France |
| Legislative Assembly | government body that replaced the National Assembly |
| emigres | nobles who fled France but hoped to restore the monarchy |
| sans-culottes | radical group named for the style of pants its members wore |
| left-wing | liberal members of Legislative Assembly |
| right-wing | conservative members of Legislative Assembly |
| Maximilien Robespierre | leader during the Reign of Terror |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | dictator of post revolutionary France |
| Hundred Days | period of Napoleon's second reign |
| Klemens von Metternich | ost responsible for the accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna |
| Bastille | much hated French prison |
| Waterloo | site of Napoleon's last defeat |
