| A | B |
| Neolithic | New Stone Age; agricultural revolution |
| Paleolithic | Old Stone Age; nomads/hunter gatherers |
| Mesopotamia | land between 2 rivers |
| culture | way of life |
| empire | group of states under one ruler |
| Sargon I | 1st person to create an empire |
| Hammurabi | King who created 1st set of written laws for entire kingdom |
| ziggurat | mountain of god or hill of heaven |
| civilization | complex society that has organized gov, art, religion, social class, writing, and cities |
| specialization | development of different kinds of jobs |
| city-states | made up of the city and the farmland around it |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | famous literature about priest-king |
| surplus | extra |
| Sumerians | inventors of the wheel |
| artisans | skilled workers |
| Hammurabi | king of Babylon |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing made up of wedge-shaped signs |