| A | B |
|---|
| testes | male gonads that make sperm and testosterone |
| scrotum | sac that keep the testes at a temperature lower than the rest of the body |
| seminiferous tubules | coiled tubes in which the testes are made |
| epididymus | storage area for sperm on the upper part of each testis |
| vas deferens | tube that carries sperm to the urethra |
| semen | the mixture of sperm and fluids from reproductive glands |
| ejaculation | muscular contractions that force sperm through the urethra |
| ovaries | female gonads that make eggs and estrogen |
| follicles | sacs that contain immature eggs |
| ovulation | release of the egg |
| oviduct | Fallopian tube - where egg may be fertilized if sperm is present |
| uterus | thick-walled, pear shaped organ which will aide in the development of the embryo |
| cervix | the narrow neck of the uterus |
| menstrual cycle | the build up and break down of the uterine wall every 28 days |
| menopause | the stopping of the menstual cycle permanently |
| estrous cycle | changes in the female animal's sex organs that cause a desire to mate |
| in vitro fertilization | fertilization that takes place in a glass dish: zygotes are inserted into the female later |
| implantation | fastening of an embryo to the wall of the uterus |
| pregnancy | period during which the embryo develops in the uterus |
| embryo | fertilization to 8 weeks |
| fetus | 8 weeks until birth |
| chorion | outermost layer: completely surrounds the embryo |
| placenta | temporary organ which allows the exchange of nutrients and wastes |
| umbilical cord | rope-like structure that connects the developing fetus and the placenta |
| amnion | innermost membrane filled with amniotic fluid to protect the fetus by absorbing shocks |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| labor | uterine contractions |
| premature birth | delivery of a fetus before it is ready to be born |
| Caesarian section | incision made in the abdomen to help deliver a baby |
| fraternal twins | two eggs mature at the same time and are fertilized |
| identical twins | a single egg divides in two after fertilization |
| embryology | the study of the development of embryos |
| cleavage | series of cell divisions |
| morula | solid ball of cells |
| blastula | hollow sphere of cells |
| gastrulation | the movement of cells |
| gastrula | the two-layered embryo formed during gastrulation |
| blastopore | the opening created in a gastrula |
| ectoderm | outer layer of germ cells |
| endoderm | inner layer of germ cells |
| primitive gut | will become the digestive system |
| mesoderm | middle layer of germ cells |
| germ layers | give rise to all tissues and organs of a multicellular organism |
| differentiation | changing of unspecialized cells into specialized cells, tissues, and organs |
| embryonic induction | process by which organizers cause other structures to differentiate |
