| A | B |
|---|
| atom | particle that cannot be divided into smaller particles of the same substance |
| subatomic | particles smaller than or below the level of atoms |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| molecules | smallest amount something can be divided into and still have the essential elements |
| elements | substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances |
| proton | positive charge |
| neutron | no charge; neutral |
| eclectron shells | distributed around the eclectron cloud |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element |
| chemical bonds | attractio, sharing, and trasnfer of outer shell electrons from atom to another |
| chemical reactions | making and breaking donw of atoms |
| cells | basic units of life |
| law of conservation of matter | matter is neither created nor destroyed |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a chemical reaction started |
| ion | atom or molecule that has aquired a positive or negative charge |
| ionic bonds | attraction between oppositely charged ions, such as the sodium chloride bond |
| covelant bond | two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| hydrogen bond | reaction between a aslightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby slightly negative atom of another molecule |
| genes | units of genetic information |
| Nucleic acid | macromolecules that dictate the amino-acid sequence of proteins, which in turn control the basic life process |
| nucleotides | make up nculeic acids |
| RNA | nucleic acids that contain ribose |
| DNA | nucleotides containing deoxyribose |
| Amino acids | small molecules that conatin carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms |
| peptide bonds | covalent bonds formed between amino acids |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids formed from additional peptide bonds |
| primary structure | sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide |
| secondary structure | in proteins, the chain folds or twists to form these |
| tertiary structure | usually globular, or spherical |
| hydrophobicity | one of the major forces as to why a protein folds |
| lipids | macromolecules that have two primary functions: long-term storage of energy and carbon and building of structural parts of cell membranes |
| proteins | structural componants of cells as well as messangers and recievers of messages |
| macromolecules | backbone of large complex molecules |
| carbohydrates | contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms. |
| monosaccharides | simplest carbohydrate. single sugar carbs. contain 3-7 carbon atoms in their carbon skeleton |
| disaccharides | double sugar molecule |
| polysaccharides | several glucose molecules bond to form complex carbs |
| pH scale | level of H+ and OH- ions in a soluction |
| acidic | having more H+ than OH- |
| basic | having more OH- than H+ |
| organic | carbon atoms are combined with hydrogen and usually oxygen |
