| A | B |
|---|
| Progressivism | Belief in new ideas to make cities and government better |
| reform | To improve or correct something |
| Political Machines | A group that controls a political party (and city politics) through bribes, violence, and vote fraud. Caused corrupt and ineffective governments |
| Muckraker | Journalists who tried to expose problems in society |
| Lincoln Steffens | Journalist who tried to expose the problems caused by political machines |
| Jacob Riis | Journalist who exposed the bad living conditions of the urban poor |
| The Jungle | Muckraking book by Upton Sinclair that exposed problems in the meatpacking industry |
| Social Gospel | Movement that believed Christian teachings should be the basis of change in society |
| Settlement house | Community centers that provided social services to the poor |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | Factory fire that led to changes in fire codes, and work place safety |
| Direct primary | People vote to select who will represent a political party in the general election—limits corruption |
| Initiative | Gives people the power to create laws and put them to vote for approval |
| Referendum | Voters accept or reject laws made by state government |
| recall | Voters can hold a special election to remove an elected official from office |
| Gilded Age | Term applied to the 19th century, describing how America's problems were covered up by its wealth. |
| Populism | Political movement organized around Americas farmers but later spread to other worker who wanted more economic equality. It paved the way for progressivism |
| NCL (National Consumer League) | group that investigated if products were made and sold under good working conditions |
| Temperance | the movement to end the use of alcohol |
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union | Women who worked for the passage of prohibition laws |
| Ida B. Wells | an African American teacher who helped form NACW to help African American families to provide stable child care and education, led anti-lynching campaign |
| NAWSA | Organization that fought for women’s right to vote at both the state and national level |
| 19th Amendment | Amendment to the Constitution that gave women the right to vote |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Republican turned Progressive president who supported fair business regulation, women’s rights, conservation and more |
| Square Deal | President Roosevelt's program to keep the rich and powerful from taking advantage of small businesses and poor Americans |
| Good Trusts | Powerful corporations that Roosevelt said did business fairly said helped America |
| The Jungle | Progressive novel that exposed the problems of the meatpacking industry and led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act |
| Upton Sinclair | Progressive activist, politician, and author of The Jungle |
| Meat Inspection Act | law that allowed the government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | law that allowed the government to inspect food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| Sixteenth Amendment | change to the constitution that gave Congress the authority to collect an income tax |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act and stated that it could not be used against labor union practices |
| Seventeenth Amendment | Direct election of senators |
| Federal Trade Commission | government agency created to identify monopolies, unfair business practices, false advertising, and dishonest claims and labeling of products |
