| A | B |
|---|
| Venetians | These people would not punish heresy, so the Roman Church denied them access to sacraments. |
| Hundred Years' War | fought between France and England to settle the issue of English control of land in France |
| Crusades | brought Greek and Arabic writings into Europe |
| ballis | collected taxes for the king and made sure justice was carried out |
| Romanesque | type of architecture famous for rounded vaults and thick walls |
| English parliament | divided into two groups, the House of Lords and House of Commons |
| banks | issued letters of credit to wealthy merchants |
| Divine Comedy | a tale about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise |
| Hugh Capet | founded a new French dynasty |
| William the Conqueror | invaded England in 1066 and founded the Norman dynasty |
| Henry II | grandson of William the Conqueror who used circuit courts to strengthen English royal authority |
| Gothic | architecture that uses flying buttresses, higher ceilings, larger windows and doors, and stained glass windows |
| Philip II | developed a strong monarchy in France by using ballis |
| Reconquista | an effort to retake the Iberian peninsula from the Muslims |
| Roman Church | gained power over medieval Europe partly because popes claimed to have supreme authority over all the people |
| Venice | had a republican-style of government, was a large city during the Middle Ages, and had a large navy |
| vernacular | the common spoken language |
| Canterbury Tales | written by English poet Chaucer and gives us much of our information about England during the Middle Ages |
| Jews | accused of starting the Black Plague |
| Black Death | caused the Church of Rome to lose credibility when it was unable to stop the disaster |
| power of the purse | a way Parliament was able to limit the king's power and control the tax system |
| Magna Carta | document which King John was forced to sign which limited royal power |
| Innocent III | The power of the pope reached it highest point during the reign of this pope. |
| cathedral | an impressive church built to showcase a town's wealth and prosperity |
| common law | laws that were designed to unify England and guarantee justice |
| mayor of the palace | leading palace official for the French king |
| chivalry | strict set of rules which governed knights |
| jury | citizens of a town who brought accusations against someone |
| charter | document which helped end feudal obligations |
| manor | a nobleman's estate |
| indictment | a record of accusations issued by a court |
| interdict | a papal rule that blocked access to the sacraments |
