| A | B |
|---|
| Fertile Crescent | in the Middle East, lays between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, river valley civilization |
| Mesopotamia | literally means the "land between two rivers" |
| City-state | a city surrounded by farmland,functioned as an independent political unity with its own ruler |
| Empire | many city states brought together by one ruler |
| Cuneiform | first known system of writing- kept records and communicated with each other |
| Tigris and Euphrates rivers | rivers in Middle East, between which lies Mesopotamia- fertile cresent |
| Sumerian social structure | king,land owners,priests wealthy merchants, ordinary workers, slaves |
| sumerian achievements | wheel,sail,plow,cunneiform |
| Hammurabi | took over sumer and united Mesopotamia know for his strong leadership and government |
| code of Hammurabi | code used to unify the empire, that was engraved on stone all over the empire |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Nile river | provide Egyptians with water,food,silt, trade/transportation |
| Hieroglyphics | system of writing using pictures and symbols |
| Rosetta Stone | stone discovered by the French empire that contains the same hieroglyphics and greek |
| Egyptian Social Structure | Pharoahs/Royal Family, upper class, middle class(merchants and artisans) Peasants and farmers, unskilled laborers/slaves |
