| A | B |
|---|
| Cyanosis | Blue or gray discoloration of the skin |
| Pulmonary Aspiration | The inhalation of vomit or salt water, such as from a near drowning into the lungs |
| Heart Failure | Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body; often accompanied by a backup of blood in the venous circuits (congestive heart failure |
| Hypercapnia | Elevation of carbon dioxide levels in the blood indicating inadequate alveolar ventilation. |
| Hypoxemia | Decreased oxygen level in the blood. |
| Hypoxia | Oxygen deprivation of the body cells. |
| Infarction | Death (necrosis) of an area of tissue due to oxygen deprivation. |
| Sleep Apnea | Syndrome in which breathing periodically ceases during sleep, often associated with heavy snoring. |
| Tachypnea | Unusually fast ventilator breathing rate. |
| Ventilation | Movement of air in and out of the lungs for the purpose of delivering fresh air to the alveoli. |
| Diffusion | Movement of gases between air spaces and blood stream |
| Respiration | Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Perfusion | Movement of blood into and out of lungs to organs and tissues |
| Ineffective Airway Clearance | When the client has difficulty maintaining a patent (open) airway |
| Pneumothorax | Collapsed Lung |
| Hemothorax | Accumulation of blood in the lung’s pleural cavity |
| Atelectasis | Is like a collapse of the lung, but the air doesn't escape into the chest; the air sacs in the lung don't adequately expand when taking a breath. Can be caused by mucus plugging or a tumor blocking the airway or it can occur after an operation or by lying immobile for long periods. |
| Pneumonia | A severe lung infection |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Category of alterations in ventilation including emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. |
