| A | B |
|---|
| clavicle | collarbone |
| scapula | shoulder blade - triangular shape with sides called superior, media (vertebral) and lateral (axillary) borders and angles called superior, inferior and lateral angles |
| sternal end | of clavicle, has rounded hammerlike head |
| acromial end | very flat end of clavicle |
| conoid tubercle | ligament attachment on clavicle that faces to the back & slightly downward |
| subscapula fossa | broad anterior surface of scapula |
| spine (scapula) | transverse ridge on back of scapula |
| supraspinous fossa | deep indentation above the spine |
| infraspinous fossa | broad surface below supraspinous fossa |
| acromion | plate-like extension of scapular spin the forms the apex of the shoulder. Connects to clavicle, which forms the only bridge from the appendicular to axial skeleton |
| coracoid process | shaped like a bent finger. attaches tendons of biceps & other arm muscles |
| glenoid cavity | shallow socket that connects to the head of the humerus, fomering the glenonhumeral joint |
| brachium | upper arm from shoulder to elbow, which contains one bone - the humerus |
| humerus | bone of the upper arm from shoulder to elbow |
| antebrachium | forearm, from elbow to wrist, contains 2 parallel bones: ulna and radius. |
| radius | forearm bone |
| ulna | forearm bone |
| carpus | wrist - contains 8 small carpal bones in 2 rows |
| carpal bones | wrist bones. 8 in 2 rows |
| manus | hand - has 19 bones in 2 groups - 5 metacarpals in the palm and 14 phalanges in the fingers |
| metacarpals | hand bones in palm, there are 5 |
| phalanages | finger bones - there are 14 |
| head (humerus) | hemispherical and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Bordered by groove called anatomical neck. |
| greater and lesser tubercles (humerus) | for muscle attachments |
| intertubercular sulcus (humerus) | between greater and lesser tubercles which holds a tendon of the biceps muscle |
| surgical neck (humerus) | narrowing of the bone at transition from head to shaft, just distal to tubercles. |
| deltoid tuberosity (humerus) | rough area on shaft of humerus where deltoid muscle of shoulder inserts |
| capitulum (humerus) | lateral condyle of distal end of humerus - shaped like wide tire & articulates with radius |
| trochlea (humerus) | medial condyle of humerus - pulleylike and articulates with ulna |
| lateral and medial epicondyles | two bony processes that flare out from the humerus |
| medal epicondyle (humerus) | protects ulnar nerve (funnybone) |
| lateral and medial supracondylar ridges | margins of the humerus where forearm muscles attach |
| olecranon fossa (humerus) | posterior pit on the distal end of humerus which holds the olecranon process of the ulna when arm is extended |
| coronoid fossa (humerus) | anterior pit on the distal end of humerus which holds the coronoid process of the ulna when arm is flexed |
| radial fossa (humerus) | lateral pit to coronoid fossa, near head of radius |
| head (radius) | discoidal, distinctive |
| neck (radius) | narrower, then widens to rough bump |
| radial tubrosity | rough prominence on medial surface of radius |
| styloid process (radius) | bony point on distal end of radius |
| articular facets (radius) | 2 shallow depressions that articulate with scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist |
| ulnar notch | articulates with the end of the ulna |
| trochlear notch (ulna) | deep C-shaped notch on proximal end of ulna that raps aroud the trochlea of the humerus |
| olecranon | bony point of ulna (posterior) where you rest your elbow on a table |
| coronoid process | less pointy anterior side point |
| radial notch (ulna) | on head of ulna, not that conspicuous, accommodates edge of the head of the radius |
| styloid process (ulna) | distal end of ulna - bony lumps on either side of write are styloid processes of radius & ulna |
| interosseous membrane | ligament that attaches radius and ulna along their shafts, which itself attaches to the interosseus margin on each bone |
| interosseous margin | angular ridge on each of the radius & ulna where the interosseous membrane attaches |
| carpal bones | arranged in 2 rows of 4 bones each in the wrist |
| carpal bones (proximal) | thumbside - scaphoid, lunate, triquetum and pisiform for "boat", "moon" "triangle and "pea-shaped" |
| carpal bones (distal) | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate. |
| hamate | a carpal bone with a prominent hook( hamulus) on the palmar side |
| hamulus | hooky hook on the hamate where the flexor retinaculum attaches (which covers the carpal tunnel) |
| metacarpals | bones of the palm. Metacarpal I is by the thumb and Metacarpal V by the pinkie. They have a base, the body (shaft) and the head. The heads make knuckles. |
| phalanges | finger bones. thumb has 2 and fingers have 3. They are indicated by |
| pelvic girdle | complete ring composed of the two hip (coxal) bones and the sacrum |
| ossa coxae | hip bones |
| innomiate bones | hip bones |
| pelvis | bowl shaped structure formed by the 2 hip bones + sacrum, as well as the ligaments and muscles |
| auricular surface | where the hib bone connects to the sascrum |
| interpubic disc | pad of fibrocartilage the joins the hip bones on the anterior side of the pelvis |
| pubic symphysis | the interpubic disc and the adjacent region of each pubiic bone |
| greater (false) pelvis | broad flare of pelvis between flare of the hips |
| lesser (true) pelvis | narrower, below hips |
| pelvic brim | round margin that separates the greater and lesser pelvises. Pelvi? Hmmm... |
| pelvic inlet | entry into the lesser pelvis which the pelvic brim surrounds. This is how babies get out. |
| pelvic outlet | lower margin of the lesser pelvis |
| iliac crest | superior crest of the hip bone |
| acetabulum | hip socket |
| obturator foramen | large roundish trianglish hole below the acetabulum, closed by a ligament called the obturator membrane |
| ilium | largest of 3 childhood bones that fuse to form adult hip bone; extends from iliac crest to center of acetabulum |
| anterior superior spine | the anterior point from which the ilium extends |
| posterior superior spin | sharp angle where ilium stops |
| anterior and posterior inferior spines | below superior spines |
| greater sciatic notch | below inferior spines, through which sciatic nerve passes |
| iliac fossa | smooth, slightly concave surface of ilium covered by iliacus muscle |
| ischeum | inferoposterior part of the hip bone. It has a heavy body, prominent spine. |
| lesser sciatic notch | below spine of ischium |
| ischial tuberosity | thick, rough surfaced area that supports the body when sitting |
| ramus (ischium) | joins the inferior ramus of the pubis anteriorly |
| pubis (pubic bone) | frontmost part of the hip bone. Has superior & inferior ramus and triangular body. |
| sexually dimorphic | when the anatomy differs between the 2 sexes, such as the pelvis |
| femoral region | thigh, from hip to knee contains femur. Patella (kneecap) is sesamoid bone at junction of femoral and crural regions |
| crural region | leg (knee to ankle) and has 2 bones - tibia and fibula |
| tarsal region (tarsus) | ankle - union of crural region with foot |
| pedal region (pes) | foot - composed of 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges in the toes |
| femur | longest & strongest bone in the body; head articulates wit hacetabulum of pelvis in a ball & socket joint |
| fovea capitis | pit in the head of the femur which holds one end of a ligament extending from the acetabulum |
| neck (femur) | constricted, distal to head |
| greater and lesser trochanters | two massive rough processes - insertions for powerful hip muscles |
| intertrochanteric crest | thick oblique ridge of bone that connects the trochanters on the posterior side |
| intertorchanteric line | anterior side line that connects the trochanters |
| linea aspera | poseterior ridge at the midpoint of the femur shaft |
| spiral (pectineal) line | what linea aspera forks into at its middle point |
| gluteal tuberosity | other fork prong of linea aspera |
| medial and lateral supracondylar lines | at lower end, line aspera forks into these lines, which extend to respective epicondyles |
| medial and lateral epicondyles | widest points of femur at knee; where ligaments & muscles for thigh & knee attach |
| medial and lateral condyles | two smooth round surfaces of the knee joint |
| intercondylar fossa | groove separating medial and lateral condyles at knee |
| patellar surface | smooth medial depression on anterior side of femur that articulates with aptella |
| popliteal surface | flat or slightly depressed area on posterior side |
| patella | kneecap - has base, pointed inferior apex and pair of shallow articular facets on posterior where it articulates with femur |
| quadriceps femoris tendon | extends from anterior quadriceps femoris muscle of thigh to patella and extends as patellar ligament from patella to tibia |
| tibia | the only weight bearing bone of the crural region; two flat articular surfaces on the broad superior head separated by the intercondylar eminence |
| medial and lateral condyles (tibia) | flat articular surfaces on tibia |
| intercondylar eminence | ridge that separates the medial and lateral condyles |
| tibial tuberosity | routh anterior surface of tibia - attaches thigh muscles that straighten the knee |
| anterior crest (tibia) | distal to tibial tuberosity; sharply angular |
| medial and lateral malleoli | prominent bony knobs on each side of the ankle |
| fibula | slender lateral strut that helps stabilize the ankle; has a head, with a point called an apex |
| lateral malleolus | the distal expansion of the head of the fibula |
| tarsal bones | of the ankle |
| calcaneus | largest tarsal bone; forms the heel and where teh calf muscles attach |
| calcaneal (Achilles) tendon | attaches to the calcaneus |
| talus | 2nd largest tarsal bone; has 3 articular surfacles - inferoposterior one that connects to the calcaneus; upper trochlear surface that connects to the tibia nd a short wide bone called the navicular |
| distal tarsal bones | medial, intermediate and laeral cuneiforms and the cuboid, which is biggest |
| metatarsals | I-V, similar to metacarpals, from medial to lateral, |
| phalanges | bones of toes |
| hallux | great toe. has only 2 bones - proximal & distal phalanx I |
| medial longitudinal arch | extends from heel to hallux and is usuallly well above the ground |
| lateral longitudinal arch | from heel to little tow |
| transverse arch | includes cuboid, cuneiforms and proximal heads of metatarsals |
| pes planus | flat foot or fallen arches |
