| A | B |
|---|
| Deformation | a general term that refers to all changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body. |
| Stress | A force per unit area acting on a solid. Can cause deformation. |
| Strain | The change in shape or volume of a body of rock as a result of stress. |
| Anticline | A type of fold commonly formed by upfolding of rock layers. |
| Syncline | The Downfolds or troughs in association with Anticlines. |
| Monocline | Large step like folds in otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata. |
| Normal Fault | a fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below. |
| Reverse Fault | a fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below. |
| Thrust fault | a reverse fault with a dip less than 45 degrees, normally about 10 to 15 degrees. |
| Strike-slip Fault | a fault along which movement is horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault. |
| Orogenesis | This is the collection of processes that produce a mountain belt. |
| Folded Mountain | Mountains that are primarily formed by folding. |
| Fault-block Mountain | a mountain formed when large blocks of crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped between large normal faults. |
| Graben | a valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block. |
| Horst | an elongated uplifted block of crust bounded by faults. |
| Accretionary Wedge | A large wedge-shaped mass of sediment that forms in a subduction zone. Here, sediment is scraped from the subducting oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block. |
| Accretion | Process that occurs when crustal fragments collide with and stay connected to a continental plate. |
| Terrane | A crustal block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of neighboring crustal blocks. |
| Isostasy | The concept that Earths crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantel. |
| Isostatic Adjustment | Process of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium. |
