| A | B |
|---|
| applied psychology | study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance and application of psychological findings |
| basic psychology | study of psychological issues to seek knowledge for its own sake, not for practical application |
| behaviorism | approach that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and role of environment as determinant of behavior |
| biological perspective | approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts |
| cognitive perspective | approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior |
| critical thinking | ability and willingness to assess claims and to make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons |
| empirical | relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement |
| feminist psychology | approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes |
| functionalism | early approach that stressed the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness |
| humanistic psychology | approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential rather than the scientific understanding and assessment of behavior |
| intrapsychic | within the mind (psyche) or self |
| psychiatry | medical specialty concerned with mental disorders, maladjustment, and abnormal behavior |
| psychoanalysis | theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts |
| psychodynamic theories | approaches that emphasize unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy |
| psychology | scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment |
| (cognitive)social-learning theory | theory that behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of others, positive consequences, and cognitive processes |
| sociocultural perspective | approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior |
| structuralism | early approach that stressed analysis of immediate experience into basic elements |
| trained introspection | a form of self-observation in which individuals examine and report the contents of their own consciousness |
| Wilhelm Wundt | known as the father of psychology; was the first person to announce psychology as a science |
