| A | B |
|---|
| Foregut | “the front part of the digestive system which includes the mouth |
| Stomach | “small |
| Small Intestine | site for a major portion of nutrient absorption; soluble carbohydrates are digested into simple sugars and absorbed for use as energy |
| Colic | “an attack of acute abdominal pain localized in a hollow organ and often caused by spasm |
| Founder | laminitis; inflammation of the laminae in the hoof |
| Hindgut | “the back part of the digestive system which includes cecum |
| Breeding | producing offspring |
| Conformation | the structure or shape of the animal |
| Temperament | overall mood |
| Reproductive Efficiency | how efficient in producing offspring |
| Fertilization | the process of union of two gametes whereby the somatic chromosome number is restored and the development of a new individual |
| Scrotum | the external pouch which contains the testes |
| Testicles | the reproductive organ of the male |
| Epididymis | a system of ductules emerging from the testis which hold sperm during maturation |
| Vas Deferens | a sperm-carrying duct which eventually joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct |
| Urethra | the canal which carries the urine from the bladder and serves as a passageway for semen |
| Penis | the male organ of copulation |
| Sheath | the tubular fold of skin into which the penis is retracted |
| Accessory Sex Glands | ”glands that add volume and protection to sperm; prostate gland |
| Estrous Cycle | cycle lasts 21 to 23 days; comprises the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormone in most mammalian placental females |
| Truly Polyestrous | mares continue to cycle throughout the year; cycles may vary slightly but remain with the normal range |
| Seasonally Polyestrous | mares have a definite breeding season (late spring-early summer) and a definite non-breeding (fall-winter) season |
| Variantly Polyestrous | “mares have estrous activity during the winter months and early spring |
| Estrus | standing heat |
| Natural Breeding | breeding of male and female naturally with no aid from humans |
| Artificial Insemination | process of breeding by expelling semen into the mare’s uterus through a catheter |
| Rectal Palpation | pregnancy determination by palpating through the anus |
| Ultrasound | pregnancy determination as early as 11 days after ovulation |
| Blood Testing | detects pregnancies between 45 and 140 days through the hormone pregnant mare serum gonadotropin |
| Gestation | length of pregnancy; between 335 – 340 days |
| Foaling | the birth process for horses |
| Parturition | the process of giving birth |
| Cervix | separates the vagina from the uterus |
| Oviduct | passage for egg to uterus; site of fertilization |
| Ovary | reproductive organ of the female |
| Uterus | location of fetus during gestation |
| Vulva | external opening of mare’s reproductive tract |
| Genetics | the science of heredity and variation |
| Chromatin | “material found in the nucleus |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | molecule in which genes are located; DNA |
| Meiosis | the division of a sex cell and results in identical daughter cells |
| Mitosis | “a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell |
