| A | B |
|---|
| adaptation | a trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce |
| common descent | similar species share their ancestry |
| homologous structure | similar function and structure amongst a group of species |
| vestigial structure | human appendix, pelvic girdle in whales |
| natural selection | organisms most well-suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce |
| stablizing selection | organisms with the "middle of the road" trait are most successful |
| directional selection | one extreme of a trait is most successful |
| disruptive selection | both extremes of a trait are most successful |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having a dominant and recessive allele for a trait |
| allele | alternate form of a gene |
| gene flow | immigration and emigration causes this |
| genetic drift | disruption of the gene pool due to random events |
| divergent evolution | species that evolve from a common ancestor evolve similar traits |
| prezygotic isolation | reproductive barriers prior to mating |
| postzygotic isolation | reproductive barriers that occur after mating |
| gene frequency | the occurrence of a trait within a population |
| species | organisms that have a similar appearance, can reproduce, and give rise to viable offspring |
| fitness | a measure of how likely it is that an organism will survive and reproduce |
| fossil | remnant of a past life |
| embryology | the study of embryos |
| camouflage | blending in with the environment |
| mimicry | occurs when a harmless organism looks similar to a harmful organism |
| microevolution | evolution that occurs within a single species |
| taxonomy | the science of naming and classifying organisms |
| scientific name | a unique 2-word Latin name assigned to a single species |
| binomial nomenclature | 2 names |
| phylogeny | grouping organisms based upon evolutionary relationships |
| cladistics | a method of classifying organisms using shared derived characteristics |
| classification | Categorizing organisms into a hierarchy of names according to their relatedness |
| common descent | similar species share their ancestry |
