| A | B |
|---|
| How far is the sun from the earth? | 150 million km |
| What type of star is our sun? | medium sized |
| How many Earths would fit in the sun? | one million |
| Name the three layers that make up the sun's atmosphere in order starting at the outside.. | Corona, Chromosphere, Photosphere |
| What is the sun's interior layer called? | core |
| Which of the sun's atmosphere layers is the widest? | Chromosphere, several thousand km |
| Where does nuclear fusion occur in the sun? | In the core |
| Name the solar storm that originates in the chormophere and sends out loops or arches of gas. | Prominences |
| What is a burst of light on the photosphere that lasts less than an hour with temps of 12,000 C and releases much energy into space | Solar Flares |
| Name the continuous stream of high energy particles from the sun's corona that increases solar wind and disrupts radio and phones on Earth | Solar Wind |
| Name the dark area on the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas and whose activity increases every 10-11 years | Sunspots |
| What is a protostar? | A new star |
| Where are stars born? | In a nebula |
| What force in the nebula clumps some of the hydrogen gas together? | Gravity |
| During the evolution of the star, when hydrogen atoms collide and the hydrogen gas heats to a high temperature, what happens? | Nuclear fusion |
| When nuclear fusion occurs in a protostar, what happens to the star? | It begins to shine and give off light and heat |
| What is the main factor that shapes the evolution of a star? | Its mass |
| What change occurs to the hydrogen gas when nuclear fusion happens in a star?fusion make to the hydrogen gas in a star's core? | It changes to helium |
| What is the gas in the outer core of a medium sized star? | Hydrogen |
| When the helium core of a medium sized star begins to shrink, what happens to it? | It begins to heat up again which makes energy, this energy causes the hydrogen shell to expand. |
| What is a star called that expands and cools to a reddish color? | Red giant |
| When the helium core of a medium star reaches 200,000 degrees C what happens to the helium atoms? | They become carbon atoms |
| What is a planetary nebula? | When the hydrogen gas drifts away from the red giant and forms a ring around the star's core |
| What happens to the star when all the helium atoms are fused into carbon atoms? | The star begins to die |
| As a star cools and fades, what does gravity do to the star's matter? | It causes it to collapse inward |
| How is a white dwarf formed? | The star's mass collapses and squeezes tightly together |
| How would you describe the denseness of a white dwarf? | Extremely dense |
| What color is a white dwarf? | White hot |
| How long will a small mass star live? | 100 billion years |
| How long will an average mass star live? | 10 billion years |
| How long will a large mass star live? | a few billion years |
| What happens to a white dwarf when all the energy is gone? | It dies |
| In a Massive star, what happens when the heat reaches 600,000,000 C? | First oxygen and nitrogen are formed, as it continues to heat iron is formed |
| Medium stars and massive stars start with the same life cycle. At what point do they differ? | Massive stars do not become red giants and white dwarfs. |
| How does a supernova occur? | The iron core of a massive star begins to absorb energy, as the energy releases the star explodes |
| How hot can a super nova get? | 1,000,000,000 deg C |
| Where does a nebula come from? | The gas and dust from the explosion of a supernova |
| What will the core of a star, that has undergone a supernova, become? | Neutron star |
| How much would one teaspoon of a neutron star weigh? | 100 million tons |
| What do neutron stars give off? | Energy as radio waves, pulses of energy called pulsars |
| Where do Black holes come from? | After a supernova explosion the massive core is swallowed by its own gravity which is so strong even light can't escape |
| What do black holes do to energy and matter? | It swallows them like a cosmic vacuum cleaner |
| If a black hole has a companion star, what happens to it. | The gases heat as they are sucked into the black hole |
| How can scientists detect a black hole? | When the companion star's gases are sucked into the black hole they give off x-rays visible to the Earth |
| Nuclear Fusion | When hydrogen crashes into each other and creates helium. |
| photosphere | the surface of the sun |
| core | center of the sun |
| milky way | the galaxy we belong to |
| hydrogen | the most abundant gas in the sun |
| helium | is heavier than hydrogen |
| ultra violet light | causes sun burns |
| Gravity and inertia | keep us in the correct orbit |
| An orbit | is a circular path an object follows around a larger object |
| Gravity and fusion | help keep the sun's shape |
| The Sun was created from: | a cloud of hydrogen gas |
| The earth gets _____ & _______ from the sun. | heat and light |
| How big is the sun? | The sun is a medium sized star. |
| How old is the Sun? | over 4 billion years old |
| How long does it take light to reach the earth? | 8 1/2 minutes |
| When the Sun begins to die it will become what? | red giant |
| Nuclear fusion | hydrogen crashing together to make helium |
| Helium | The byproduct of Nuclear fusion in the Sun's core. |
| Gravity and inertia | What keeps the sun in orbit? |
| Gravity and fusion | What keeps the sun's shape? |
| Heat and light | What does Earth get from the sun? |
| Photosphere | the surface of the sun |
| Hydrogen | is the most abundant gas in the sun |
| Red giant | when the sun begins to die it will turn into a ____. |
| medium | What size is our sun? |
| core | The inner most layer of the sun where Nuclear Fusion occurs. |
| Chromosphere | The inner thicker layer of the Sun's atmosphere. |
| Carona | The outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere. |
| Covection zone | The layer of the Sun that lies between the radiation zone and the photosphere, consisting of large cells of rising and sinking gases. |
| eclipse | An event where a heavenly body or its shadows blocks the view of another body. |
| prominence | An enormous formation of gas that rises above the surface of the sun. |
| radiation zone | The area of the Sun that surrounds the core. |
| Sunspots | Areas of lower temperature on the surface of the sun. |
| Solar flare | A sudden release of energy that sends hot gas into the Sun's atmosphere. |
| Solar wind | A large blast of hot air caused by flares and other events on the Sun's surface. |
| 8 1/2 | How many minutes does it take light from the sun to reach earth? |
| terrestrial | earth |
| greenhouse effect | The trapping of heat by the atmosphere |
| gas giants | The first four outer planets that are massiveand do not contain solid surfaces. |
| ring | a thin disk of ice and rock that surrounds the gas giants. |
| Jupiter | Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto surround this planet. |
| Ganymede | The largest moon in the solar system. |
| Mars | Where probes have successfully explored. |
| Saturn | has the most spectacular rings of any planet. |
| Neptune | a cold blue planet. |
| Pluto | smaller than Earth's moon. |
| Mercury | closest planet to the Sun. |
| Venus | has the strongest greenhouse effect. |
| Earth | The living planet |
| Uranus | axis is tilted 90 degrees from vertical |
| moon phase | The different shapes of the moon we see from the Earth. |
| Eclipse | When the Moon's shadow hits the Earth or the Earth's shadow hits the moon. |
| Umbra | The very darkest part of the Moon's or Earth's shadow in a solar or lunar eclipse. |
| Penumbra | The larger part of the Moon's or Earth's shadow in a solar or lunar eclipse. |
